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Page 14 of 31 Chen et al. Microstructures 2023;3:2023025 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2023.12

Table 2. ORR performance and stability of Oxide-based supported Pt catalysts

Support electrical conductivity ECSA Mass activity Specific activity
Catalyst Pt (wt.%) Size of Pt (nm) -1 2 -1 -1 -2 Stability Ref.
(S cm ) (m g ) (A mg ) (mA cm pt )
pt
pt
TiO -based catalysts
2
Pt/TiO 2 12 30 / 7.23 0.083 1.134 5.9% loss of ECSA after 5,000 cycles [68]
Pd/TiO /C / 7.8 / 54.2 2.6 4.8 13% mass activity loss after 10,000 cycles [69]
2
PtAu/TiO NWs / 3.62 / 85.8 0.381 0.441 20% loss of ECSA after 5,000 cycles [70]
2
Pt/TiO -C 3.5 3.5 / 82 0.205 / 0.8% loss of ECSA after 10,000 cycles [72]
2
Pt/TiO /C 4.4 2.3 / 50.2 0.442 0.881 2.3% loss of ECSA after 10,000 cycles [73]
2
Pt/TiWN O 20 9 2.3 / 0.1 / 22.9% mass activity loss after 5,000 cycles [78]
x y
Pt/TiNbO NTs 6 4 / 110.3 0.314 / 19% loss of ECSA after 2,000 cycles [84]
2
Pt/TiCrO / 3-5 / 18 / 0.46 / [86]
2
-4
Pt/TiMoO 2 20 3-4 2.8 × 10 72.5 / / 8% loss of ECSA after 5,000 cycles [87]
Pt/TiTaO 2 20 0.2 0.06 / 35% loss of ECSA after 10,000 cycles [89]

Pt/TiVO 6 2.0 / 115.4 0.356 / 24% mass activity loss after 4,000 cycles [91]
2
-3
Pt/TiO NSs / 3 2.66 × 10 65 0.006 13.27 32% loss of ECSA after 10,000 cycles [93]
2-x
CeO -based catalysts
2
Pt/CeO /CNT 10 2.5/3.7 74.1 ~0.38 / 13.4% mass activity loss after 5,000 cycles [95]
2
Pt/CeO /C / 2-3 / 50.1 0.05 / 80% loss of ECSA after 10,000 cycles [97]
2
Pt/CeO N-C 5.6 5.7 / / 0.238 5.88 / [98]
2
Pt/CeO -NC 5 2.3 / / 0.6 6.72 5 mV E loss after 10,000 cycles [99]
2 1/2
WO -based catalysts
3
Pt/black WO 3-x / 5 / / / / 13% loss of ECSA after 5,000 cycles [100]
-3
Pt/WO 20 2-3 7.8 ×10 75 0.325 0.769 5.5% loss of ECSA after 5,000 cycles [101]
3
WO -PtNi NWs/C / 2-3 / 77.5 0.45 0.58 15.72% loss of ECSA after 30,000 cycles [103]
x-(0.25)
Other oxygen-based catalysts
Pt/NbO /C / 5.3 / 66 0.56 0.85 15% loss of ECSA after 5,000 cycles [67]
2
Pt/N-ALDTa O /C / 3.3 85.7 70.3 0.28 / 14.9% mass activity loss after 10,000 cycles [105]
2 5
-5
Pt-Ta O /CNT 9.06 3 5.8 × 10 78.4 0.23 0.293 3.5% loss of ECSA after 10,000 cycles [106]
2 5

TMNs eliminates the disadvantage of the inherent poor conductivity in TMOs-supported catalysts. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated the TMN
itself possesses considerable ORR catalytic activity under acidic conditions. Therefore, TMNs-supported Pt-based catalysts display not only excellent ORR