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Cervantes-Gracia et al. Vessel Plus 2020;4:27 Vessel Plus
DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2020.22

Review Open Access

Oxidative stress and inflammation in the
development of cardiovascular disease and contrast

induced nephropathy

Karla Cervantes-Gracia , Khuram Raja , Daniel Llanas-Cornejo , James N. Cobley , Ian L. Megson ,
3
2
2
2,*
1,*
Richard Chahwan , Holger Husi 2,4
1
1 Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.
2 Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness
IV2 3JH, United Kingdom.
3 Health Sciences Division, Universidad de Monterrey, Monterrey 66238, Mexico.
4 Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre,
Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom.
*These authors contributed equally.
Correspondence to: Dr. Holger Husi, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of
the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness IV2 3JH, United Kingdom. E-mail: Holger.Husi@uhi.ac.uk
How to cite this article: Cervantes-Gracia K, Raja K, Llanas-Cornejo D, Cobley JN, Megson IL, Chahwan R, Husi H. Oxidative
stress and inflammation in the development of cardiovascular disease and contrast induced nephropathy. Vessel Plus 2020;4:27.
http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2020.22
Received: First Decision: Revised: Accepted: Published: x
Received: 1 Jun 2020 First Decision: 30 Jun 2020 Revised: 3 Jul 2020 Accepted: 10 Jul 2020 Published: 1 Sep 2020
Science Editor: Copy Editor: Production Editor: Jing Yu
Academic Editor: Cristina Vassalle, Laura Sabatino Copy Editor: Cai-Hong Wang Production Editor: Jing Yu

Abstract
Utilization of contrast media to visualize vasculature structures in the setting of cardiovascular disorders (CVD)
can lead to acute kidney injury, referred to as contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). CIN can potentiate mortality
and hospitalization in aged individuals, patients with CVD, nephropathy, enhancing kidney damage, and cardiac
events. Preventing CIN by identifying risk factors is important. The underlying mechanisms of CIN pathology are
unclear, but the key factors include direct cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, vascular and endothelial dysfunction and
inflammatory processes. Reactive Oxygen Species and inflammatory mediators have been proposed as key factors
influencing the development of CIN and CVD, and the elucidation of the interplay between the mechanisms
evoked by them may provide a better understanding of the signaling processes happening in these conditions,
thereby potentially enabling early identification, prevention and characterization of novel drug targets.

Keywords: Contrast induced nephropathy, cardiovascular disorders, oxidative stress, inflammation, reactive
oxygen species

© The Author(s) 2020. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
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