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Figure 4. Schematic representation of using multifunctional nanoparticles for co-delivery of VEGF siRNA and etoposide (an anticancer
drug) for enhanced anti-angiogenesis and anti-proliferation activity. RISC: siRNA induced silencing complex; VEGF: vascular endothelial
growth factor; GSH: glutathione; EPR: enhanced permeation & retention
to positive, leading to deep tumour penetration and enhancement of internalization of nanoparticles. The
positive charge is further enhanced in the lower pH of endo-lysosomes, where the disulphide bond of the
lipoic acid segment in PHCL-liposomes undergo GSH induced redox-activated breakage, leading to the
release of cargo within the liposome [Figure 4].
The antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits tumour growth
and metastasis. When combined with a cytotoxic anticancer agent such as paclitaxel, therapeutic efficacy
was significantly improved because of the targeted accumulation of paclitaxel within tumours [106] . In a
