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Novotny et al. Vessel Plus 2022;6:51 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2021.139 Page 11 of 15

Figure 2. Endpoint outcomes in patients with and without pre-operative AF/AFL undergoing (A) r-SAVR and (B) viv-TAVR. r-SAVR:
Redo surgical aortic valve replacement; AF/AFL: atrial fibrillation/flutter; viv-TAVR: valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve
replacement.

For 30-day readmission, cerebrovascular disease was predictive while viv-TAVR was protective compared to
r-SAVR. In contrast, first-time SAVR and TAVR were shown to have similar 30-day readmission rates in
prior reports [34-36] . Other risk factors associated with 30-day readmission have previously been described in
the literature, such as female sex, age, and chronic kidney disease in first-time SAVR patients , and CHF,
[21]
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pacemaker, diabetes, renal failure, and anemia in first-time TAVR
patients [22,37-39] .

Interestingly, not all historically reported first-time AVR comorbidities were found to be predictive of r-
AVR patients’ 30-day readmission; thus, this r-AVR study’s small sample size may have limited ability to
detect these well-documented risk factors for first-time AVR. Additionally, a first-time AVR survivor or