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Tsai et al. Vessel Plus 2021;5:9 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2020.73 Page 7 of 9

CONCLUSIONS
Stroke is the leading global cause of adult neurological disability, which causes sensory-motor function
impairment and neuronal death; however, there are currently no medical or surgical treatments to improve
neurological function and neurogenesis in chronic stroke. Growing translational and clinical evidence has
demonstrated the potential effectiveness of hematopoietic growth factors and stem cell transplantation as
+
therapies for stroke, including GCSF, mesenchymal stem cells, autologous CD34 peripheral blood stem
cells, umbilical cord blood and stromal stem cells, and autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem
cells. This review not only highlights the safety aspects but also indicates how to achieve the maximum
benefit for patients with chronic stroke by considering the route of administration and stem cell numbers.
Therefore, these studies pave the way for the next generation of neurogenesis therapies for chronic stroke.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Literature review: Tsai ST, Ding DC
Writing the manuscript: Tsai ST, Lee CH, Lin SZ, Ding DC
Organizing the manuscript: Ding DC
Discussion of the manuscript: Tsai ST, Lee CH, Ding DC, Lin SZ

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
The work was supported by the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation (TCMF-EP-108-02 to DCD, TCMF-
CWP-109-01, TCMF-MP 108-01-03, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2021.

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