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Dall’Ara et al. Vessel Plus 2023;7:26 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2023.107 Page 5 of 10

Table 2. Procedural data
Overall Fem Rad_SGC 1 2
Variable Rad_Stand 114 (51.1) P P
n = 223 72 (32.3) 37 (16.6)
Procedural time, min 100 (80-126) 110 (90-141) 98 (75-120) 100 (88-117) 0.004 0.641
Fluoroscopy time 26 (20-33) 26 (19-33) 26 (20-35) 25 (19-30) 0.289 0.206
Contrast dye, ml 165 (130-202) 160 (129-226) 162 (130-210) 167 (127-190) 0.451 0.459
Catheter size, Fr 0.000 0.000
- 6.0 61 (27.4) 17 (23.6) 44 (38.6) 0 (0.0)
- 7.0 123 (55.2) 53 (73.6) 70 (61.4) 0 (0.0)
- 7.5 37 (16.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 37 (100.0)
- 8.0 2 (0.9) 2 (2.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Vessel 0.011 0.056
- LAD 134 (60.1) 33 (45.8) 74 (64.9) 27 (73.0)
- RCA 44 (19.7) 21 (29.2) 21 (18.4) 2 (5.4)
- LCX 16 (7.2) 6 (8.3) 9 (7.9) 1 (2.7)
- LM 19 (8.5) 10 (13.9) 4 (3.5) 5 (13.5)
- Protected-LM 10 (4.5) 2 (2.8) 6 (5.3) 2 (5.4)
Vessel diameter, mm 3.5 ± 0.6 3.6 ± 0.6 3.3 ± 0.5 3.3 ± 0.5 0.421 0.589
Special lesion
- intrastent 6 (2.7) 4 (5.6) 2 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 0.160 0.569
- aorto-ostial 24 (10.8) 8 (11.1) 10 (8.8) 6 (16.2) 0.444 0.165
- CTO 1 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.9) 0 (0.0) 0.619 0.755
Rota wire 0.058 0.348
- floppy 191 (85.7) 56 (77.8) 103 (90.4) 32 (86.5)
- stiff 32 (14.3) 16 (22.2) 11 (9.6) 5 (13.5)
Burr size 0.512 0.200
- 1.25 mm 91 (40.8) 29 (40.3) 45 (39.5) 17 (45.9)
- 1.5 mm 118 (52.9) 38 (52.8) 60 (52.6) 20 (54.1)
- 1.75 mm 13 (5.8) 4 (5.6) 9 (7.9) 0 (0.0)
Burr/artery ratio 0.43 ± 0.06 0.43 ± 0.06 0.31 ± 023 0.42 ± 0.06 0.182 0.103
Stent type
- DES 194 (87.0) 57 (79.2) 104 (91.2) 33 (89.2) 0.05 0.463
- BMS 3 (1.3) 1 (1.4) 1 (0.9) 1 (2.7) 3 .711 0.436
Total stent length, mm 38 (24-54) 31 (18-49) 48 (30-58) 31 (18-43) 0.000 0.002
Additional device
- modifying Balloon 8 (3.6) 3 (4.2) 3 (2.6) 2 (5.4) 0.696 0.357
- IVL 15 (6.7) 2 (2.8) 12 (10.5) 1 (2.7) 0.068 0.124
- SHP balloon 2 (0.9) 0 (0.0) 2 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 0.381 0.569
Intracoronary imaging 53 (23.8) 11 (15.3) 33 (28.9) 9 (24.3) 0.102 0.375
Temporary pacemaker 2 (0.9) 1 (1.4) 1 (0.9) 0 (0.0) 0.767 0.755
MCS 13 (5.8) 10 (13.9) 3 (2.6) 0 (0.0) 0.002 0.428

Categorical variables are shown as number (percentage); continuous variables as median (interquartile range) or mean value (±standard
deviation). BMS: Bare metal stent; CTO: chronic total occlusion; DES: drug-eluting stent; Fem: femoral access; IVL: intra-vascular lithotripsy: LAD:
left anterior descending artery; LCX: left circumflex artery; LM: left main stem; MCS: mechanical circulatory support; Rad_SGC: radial sheathless
1
guiding catheter access; Rad_Stand: radial standard access; RCA: right coronary artery; SHP: super high pressure; P : comparison between the
2
three groups; P : comparison between the two radial groups.
burr size or burr-to-artery ratio. Conversely, as expected, significant differences were found in evaluating
the treated vessel, the catheter size, and the total stent length. Thirteen patients underwent PCI assisted by
percutaneous micro axial flow pump (n = 8), or intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) (n = 5). Mechanical
circulatory support (MCS) was required more frequently in the transfemoral cohort, but indications did not
differ between groups (“protected PCI” in 11/13 cases, bailout IABP insertion due to unstable
hemodynamics).

Procedural success was similar between groups, as reported in Table 3. We observed a trend towards a
higher rate of clinically relevant bleedings (BARC > 2) and overall vascular injury in the femoral population
[Figure 2]. Other procedural complications were rare and did not differ between groups.