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Yang et al. Soft Sci. 2025, 5, 46 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2025.44 Page 31 of 39

Financial support and sponsorship
This research was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFE0140400); the National
Natural Science Foundation of China (62405027, 62111530238, 62003046); The work of R. Min was
supported by the Tang Scholar of Beijing Normal University.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

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