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Figure 5. The artificial tactile sensory neural system. (A) The architecture and SEM of memristor; (B) The integration of pressure and
memristor; (C) The performance of a chitosan-based memristor. (A-C) Reproduced with permission [91] . Copyright 2024, Advanced
Science; (D) Architecture of the artificial tactile sensory neural system; (E) I-V curves for the memristor; (F) pressure sensors array to
acquire different letters via SNN algorithm. (D-F) Reproduced with permission [92] . Copyright 2022, Advanced Electronic Materials; (G)
Scheme of artificial spiking nociceptor; (H) “Threshold” feather of neural synapse at different intensities of force; (I) Output spikes at
different pressure thresholds. (G-I) Reproduced with permission [93] . Copyright 2022, IEEE Electron Device Letters; (J) Multimode-fused
perception system to tactile perception; (K) Schematic circuit diagram of the multimode-fused perception system; (L) A SNN classifier
for training the spiking signals. (J-L) Reproduced with permission [94] . Copyright 2022, Advanced Materials. SEM: Scanning electron
microscope; SNN: spiking neural network.

(cells that fire together, wire together) and STDP, adjust connections based on local activity and temporal
relationships. This approach is biologically plausible, resulting in models that are more interpretable and
energy efficient. However, achieving performance comparable to error-driven methods may require the