Page 196 - Read Online

Wu et al. Soft Sci 2023;3:35 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2023.26 Page 11 of 12

Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 62122002),
Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Grant Nos. 21210820, 11213721,
11215722), Innovation and Technology Fund of Innovation and Technology Commission (GHP/095/
20GD), City University of Hong Kong (Grants Nos. 9667221, 9240074 and 9440298), and in part by the
InnoHK Project on Project 2.2-AI-based 3D ultrasound imaging algorithm at Hong Kong Center for
Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines and principles set forth by the Internal
Review Board (IRB) of the City University of Hong Kong under approval number HU-STA-00000850. All
participants were informed about the experimental procedure and signed the informed consent forms prior
to participation.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023.

REFERENCES
1. Rogers JA, Someya T, Huang Y. Materials and mechanics for stretchable electronics. Science 2010;327:1603-7. DOI PubMed
2. Ray TR, Choi J, Bandodkar AJ, et al. Bio-Integrated wearable systems: a comprehensive review. Chem Rev 2019;119:5461-533. DOI
3. Luo Y, Abidian MR, Ahn JH, et al. Technology roadmap for flexible sensors. ACS Nano 2023;17:5211-95. DOI PubMed
4. Yao K, Yang Y, Wu P, Zhao G, Wang L, Yu X. Recent advances in materials, designs and applications of skin electronics. IEEE Open
J Nanotechnol 2023;4:55-70. DOI
5. Patel S, Ershad F, Zhao M, et al. Wearable electronics for skin wound monitoring and healing. Soft Sci 2022;2:9. DOI PubMed PMC
6. Huang X, Liu Y, Park W, et al. Intelligent soft sweat sensors for the simultaneous healthcare monitoring and safety warning. Adv
Healthc Mater 2023;12:e2202846. DOI
7. Song E, Xie Z, Bai W, et al. Miniaturized electromechanical devices for the characterization of the biomechanics of deep tissue. Nat
Biomed Eng 2021;5:759-71. DOI
8. Wu P, Zhou L, Lv S, Fu J, He Y. Self-sintering liquid metal ink with LAPONITE® for flexible electronics. J Mater Chem C
2021;9:3070-80. DOI
9. Wang B, Thukral A, Xie Z, et al. Flexible and stretchable metal oxide nanofiber networks for multimodal and monolithically
integrated wearable electronics. Nat Commun 2020;11:2405. DOI PubMed PMC
10. Yu X, Xie Z, Yu Y, et al. Skin-integrated wireless haptic interfaces for virtual and augmented reality. Nature 2019;575:473-9. DOI
11. Li D, Zhou J, Yao K, et al. Touch IoT enabled by wireless self-sensing and haptic-reproducing electronic skin. Sci Adv
2022;8:eade2450. DOI PubMed PMC
12. Chen M, Ouyang J, Jian A, et al. Imperceptible, designable, and scalable braided electronic cord. Nat Commun 2022;13:7097. DOI
PubMed PMC
13. Souri H, Banerjee H, Jusufi A, et al. Wearable and stretchable strain sensors: materials, sensing mechanisms, and applications. Adv
Intell Syst-Ger 2020;2:2000039. DOI
14. Shen Z, Liu F, Huang S, et al. Progress of flexible strain sensors for physiological signal monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron
2022;211:114298. DOI
15. Liao X, Zhang Z, Kang Z, Gao F, Liao Q, Zhang Y. Ultrasensitive and stretchable resistive strain sensors designed for wearable
electronics. Mater Horiz 2017;4:502-10. DOI
16. Kim SR, Kim JH, Park JW. Wearable and transparent capacitive strain sensor with high sensitivity based on patterned ag nanowire
networks. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017;9:26407-16. DOI PubMed
17. Lu C, Chen J, Jiang T, Gu G, Tang W, Wang ZL. A stretchable, flexible triboelectric nanogenerator for self-powered real-time motion
monitoring. Adv Mater Technol 2018;3:1800021. DOI
18. Huo Z, Wang X, Zhang Y, et al. High-performance Sb-doped p-ZnO NW films for self-powered piezoelectric strain sensors. Nano