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Page 12 of 13 Yang et al. Plast Aesthet Res 2020;7:8 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2019.63

In conclusion, Fat particles with size below 7 mm in diameter do not alter graft survival in an
immunocompetent mouse model. While larger fat particles experience early hypoxia and adipocyte loss,
the remaining tissue serves as a scaffold for regeneration by circulating cells. This study provides important
evidence on the fat grafting process, suggesting greater flexibility in lipoplasty cannula selection for fat
grafting procedures than previously thought, allowing increased harvest yields and decreased effort and time.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Performed partial examinations, analyzed and interpreted the research data: Yang X
Assisted with manuscript preparation: Egro FM, Nerone WV, Yousefpour M
Assisted with animal experiments, performed qRT-PCR experiments and assisted with data analysis: Jones T
Assisted with submission of the manuscript: Yousefpour M
Participated in overall study design and assisted with acquisition of human tissue specimens: Gusenoff JA,
Rubin JP
Corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all listed authors have approved the manuscript
before submission and that all authors receive the submission and all substantive correspondence with
editors: Kokai LE
All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on
reasonable request.

Financial support and sponsorship
This work was funded by a Pilot Funding Program for Early Stage Medical Technology Research and
Development grant from the Center for Medical Innovation, Swanson School of Engineering, University
of Pittsburgh (award no. F_062-2013) and by National Institutes of Health for Dr. Rubin, Department of
Plastic Surgery; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (award no. 5R01CA114246).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declare that they are bound by confidentiality agreements that prevent them from disclosing
their conflicts of interest in this work.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
All animal experiments were performed under approved protocols by the University of Pittsburgh
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol# 12080782).

Consent for publication
Not applicable

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020.

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