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Page 10 of 22 Vakhshori et al. Plast Aesthet Res 2023;10:36 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2022.78

Table 3. Reported outcomes of free gracilis transfer. MRC: Medical Research Council muscle grade

Mean
Elbow
Number of Mean age Vessel elbow
Reference Pathology Neurotization flexion MRC 3 MRC ≥ 4 Complications
patients (years) anastomosis flexion
MRC < 3
(degrees)
[53]
Silva et al. 87 30 Brachial plexus 45 spinal accessory (4 Not specified 32 30 25 NR 3 loss of skin
trauma using sural nerve monitoring signal
graft) 1 hematoma
10 intercostal nerves compressing pedicle
(3 with graft) 4 infections
8 median nerve
fascicles
22 ulnar nerve
fascicles
2 phrenic nerve
[54]
Ikuta et al. 1 11 Brachial plexus Intercostal nerves (3, Lateral thoracic artery, 0 1 0 90 None reported
trauma 4) venae comitantes
[55]
Krakauer et al. 3 30 Brachial plexus Intercostal nerves (3, Not specified 1 1 1 72 None reported
trauma 4)
[49]
Chuang et al. 38 (34 gracilis, 25 35 brachial 31 intercostal nerves Lateral thoracic artery 10 (results combined) 28 NR None reported
4 rectus plexus trauma (3 nerves in 23, 2 or thoracodorsal artery
femoris, results 3 traumatic nerves in 8)
combined) anterior 4 glossopharyngeal
compartment nerve
defect 3 musculocutaneous
nerve (biceps loss,
intact plexus)
[16]
Chuang et al. 16 Not specified Brachial plexus Intercostal nerves Not specified 3 6 7 NR None reported
trauma
[56]
Barrie et al. 22 (15 single 25 Brachial plexus 5 spinal accessory 7 thoracoacromial 2 4 16 105 5 failures
gracilis; 7 trauma 8 intercostal (3, 4) 9 brachial
double gracilis) 1 intercostal (4, 5) 2 axillary
1 musculocutaneous 1 lateral pectoral
7 combination (spinal 3 combination
accessory and (thoracoacromial and
intercostal, double brachial)
transfers)
[57]
Kay et al. 33 Median 4.8 13 obstetric 18 intercostal Brachial artery or 6 adults 7 adults NR 3 microvascular
(20 children) brachial palsy 12 fascicles of ulnar posterior branch to 3 children 17 children failures
Median 34 12 adult brachial nerve triceps; vena comitans 6 hematomas
(13 adults) plexus trauma 2 spinal accessory of brachial artery 3 infections
4 arthrogryposis with graft 1 recipient
2 sarcoma 1 thoracodorsal dehiscence
1 polio
1 radial dysplasia