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were not collected to provide in text.

CONCLUSIONS
The present study provides essential anatomic data for creating an ovine osseointegrated prosthesis with
sensory feedback, based on the accepted gold standard sheep model of osseointegration. These data inform
the manufacture of a sensory ONI for chronic testing in awake, freely ambulating large animals for future
clinical translation.

DECLARATIONS
Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge the University of Wisconsin Surgery Histology Core and the University of
Wisconsin Translational Research Initiatives in Pathology group for their assistance with histology slide
creation and image analysis.

Authors’ contributions
Concept, design, data collection/analysis, manuscript drafting: Gunderson KA, Dingle AM
Concept, design, data collection/analysis, manuscript revision: Odorico SK, Nkana ZH, Zeng W
Data collection/analysis, manuscript revision: Sears L, Seils G
Concept, design, figure creation, manuscript revision: Minor RL
Concept, design, data analysis, manuscript revision: Poore SO

Availability of data and materials
Data and materials from this study will be provided upon request.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
In accordance with the University of Wisconsin-Madison Institutional Animal. Care and Use Committee’s
ethics policies, the ethical review was not required to undertake this research.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023.

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