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Table 2. Monitoring protocols in thermography and oximetry groups
Lead author and Diagnostic Diagnostic tool Time frame of Protocol for diagnostic tool Cut-off values used for concern Length of
publication date method use monitoring period
[19]
Thiessen et al . Thermography Unspecified Preoperative, Once preoperative to determine perforators. N/a 24-48 h
2020 intraoperative and Intraoperatively, first after perforator dissection to confirm
postoperative patency, then a second after the microvascular
anastomosis, then a third after flap inset
Postoperatively, 2 measurements taken 1-2 days following
surgery
Saxena et al. [20] Thermography FLIR A320 IR thermal Postoperative Measurement immediately after the procedure and one N/a 24 h
2019 camera day (24 h) after the procedure
Phillips et al. [21] Thermography FLIR one device Intraoperative, Intraoperatively after isolation on its vascular pedicle, at N/a N/a
2020 connected to an iPhone 7 postoperative max ischemia before anastomosis, in 5-minute intervals
smartphone after completion of microvascular anastomosis, and before
leaving the OR Postoperatively, used whenever there was
concern for flap viability
[22]
Lindelauf et al. Oximetry Foresight MC-2030 Preoperative and Preoperative baseline measurements were performed. A N/a 24 h
2021 oximeter postoperative new sensor was positioned postoperatively on the
transplanted tissue. In unilateral procedures, postoperative
StO2 values of the native breast were also obtained.
Measurements were continued for 24 h
[23]
Johnson et al. Oximetry ViOptix Intraoperative and Intraoperatively following anastomosis. Postoperatively, Any change 10% or greater Though discharge
2021 postoperative hourly checks by nursing staff until the second with a mean of 4.8
postoperative morning, followed by every other hour days
monitoring for the second to third postoperative days, and
every fourth-hour monitoring from the third postoperative
morning through discharge
[24]
Pelletier et al. Oximetry ViOptix Postoperative Measurements every 4-6 h until discharge An StO2 level below 30% or a drop in Until discharge with a
2011 StO2 level of > 20% per hour lasting for mean of 3.1 days (ICU
30 minutes group) and 2.7 days
(floor group)
[25]
Ricci et al. Oximetry ViOptix Postoperative Monitored continuously with tissue oximetry for three A rapid 20-point drop from baseline in 1 h 72 h
2017 consecutive days, beginning immediately following the or an absolute recording < 30 percent
procedure
[26]
Ozturk et al. Oximetry ViOptix Intraoperative and Readings were recorded prior to extubation, after N/a 36 h
2014 postoperative extubation and every 4 h for the next 36 h
[27]
Saad et al. Oximetry T-Stat tissue oximeter by Postoperative Tissue oximetry readings were recorded immediately at N/a 24 h
2020 Spectros the completion of the reconstruction at hours 1, 2, 3, 4, 6,
12, and 24
Salgarello et al. [28] Oximetry Somanetics INVOS Postoperative Measurements recorded continuously for 48 h starting in An rSO2 value of 30% or drop rate in 48 h
2018 5100C Cerebral/Somatic the post-anesthesia care unit rSO2 by 20%
Oximeter (Covidien)
[29]
Carruthers et al. Oximetry ViOptix Intraoperative and Probe applied intraoperatively to skin paddle and remained N/a Until discharge with a
2019 postoperative on until discharge, measurements recorded continuously mean of 3.4 days