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Misera et al. Microbiome Res Rep 2024;3:48 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/mrr.2023.81 Page 15 of 19

CONCLUSION
The role of the gut microbiota in the development of stress has been well documented and psychobiotics
have gained a well-established place in its treatment. A. muciniphila is a Gram-negative mucus-degrading
bacterium whose importance in the onset and symptomology of many diseases is increasingly well
understood. Due to its action in supporting the function of the intestinal barrier, damage to which plays an
essential role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, the psychobiotic properties of A. muciniphila
provide an opportunity for novel applications and therapies. Particularly as the pasteurized bacterium has
escaped the status of novel food and is finding increasing use in nutritional therapies. As described in the
highlighted research in this review, the anti-stress properties of A. muciniphila have only been confirmed in
experimental animal studies, and could depend on the Amuc_1100 protein, whose beneficial metabolic
effects are well established. The beneficial role of A. muciniphila in stress management is promising, but
further experimental and clinical studies are required to confirm its anti-stress effects.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Substantial contributions to the conception and design of the study and data analysis and interpretation:
Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Misera A, Łoniewski I, Marlicz W
Data acquisition, providing administrative, technical, and material support: Podkówka A, Łoniewski I,
Marlicz W

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
Łoniewski I and Marlicz W are probiotic company shareholders; Skonieczna-Żydecka K and Misera A
receive remuneration from probiotic company. These sources had no role in concept design, selection of
articles, the decision to publish, or the preparation of the manuscript. While the other authors have declared
that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024.

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