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Page 10 of 20 Jiang et al. Microbiome Res Rep 2024;3:47 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/mrr.2024.12

Table 1. The mechanism of Akk and its effective components in intestinal-related diseases
Bacterial Experimental model Strain of A. Target Mechanism Ref.
components muciniphila
Living A. DSS (mice) 139 Gut microbiota Facilitate the normalization of the gut microbiota [29]
muciniphila
DSS (mice) ATCC BAA835 Immunity Promote the differentiation of Tregs and increase [29]
production of SCFAs
DSS (mice) ATTC BAA835 Gut barrier Protect the gut barrier function, reduce the levels of [30]
function and inflammatory cytokines, and improve the microbial
microbiota community
Salmonella pullorum ATTC BAA835 Gut barrier Downregulate the abundance of S. pullorum and [78]
(chicken) function and accelerate the proliferation of intestinal epithelium
microbiota through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
DSS (mice) treated with Unclear Gut microbiota Collaborate to produce metabolites beneficial to [79]
L. pentosus regulating intestinal immunity
NOD (mice) CIP 107961T Gut microbiota Induce gut microbiota remodeling, promote mucus [53]
and immunity and RegIIIγ production, and decrease the levels of
serum endotoxin and islet TLR expression
HFD (mice) treated with CIP-107961T Gut microbiota Enhance the abundance of Cyanobacterium and [80]
quercetin and bile acid Oscillospira and BA synthesis
APAP-mediated ATTC BAA835 Gut microbiota Attenuate APAP-induced oxidative stress and the [81]
hepatotoxicity (mice) and immunity inflammatory response and remodel the gut
microbiota
Chronic intestinal ATTC BAA835 Gut microbiota Prevent the destruction of CMC and P80 on intestinal [82]
inflammation induced by microbiota and change of the colon gene expression
CMC and P80 (mice)
HFD (mice) treated with CIP 107961T Immunity Enhance glucose tolerance and reduce inflammation [61]
metformin of adipose tissue by inducing Tregs in visceral adipose
tissue
HFD (mice) treated with ATCC BAA-835 Gut microbiota Inhibit lipid absorption by downregulating the [83]
D3 expression of CD36 and modulating the gut
microbiota
Pasteurized A. HFD (mice) ATTC BAA-835 Gut barrier Increase lysozyme Lyz1 expression to enhance [20]
muciniphila function intestinal barrier function
DSS (mice) ATCC BAA-835 Immunity Reduce the infiltration of pro-inflammatory [21]
macrophages and CTL in the spleen and intestinal
lymph nodes of mice with colitis
AOM/DSS (mice) ATCC BAA-835 Immunity Increase the number of CTL in MLN and inhibit the [21]
expression of PD-1 on pro-inflammatory macrophages
of MLN and spleen, and reduce the proportion of
+
PD-1 CTL
HFD/CCl4 (mice) ATCC BAA-835 Gut barrier Decrease the expression of TLR-2, TLR-4 and TNF-α [6]
function and genes, and enhance the expression of tight junction
immunity protein
AmEVs DSS (mice) ATCC BAA-835 Immunity Reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine [14]
IL-6 in colon epithelial cells induced by Escherichia coli
EV
HFD (mice) ATCC BAA-835 Immunity Reduce the expression of TLR-4 and TLR-2 in colon [84]
HFD (mice) ATCC BAA-835 Gut barrier Enhance intercellular tight junctions by upregulating [84]
function the expression of occludin, ZO, and claudin-5
HFD (mice) ATCC BAA-835 Gut barrier Improve intestinal barrier integrity by inducing AMPK [57]
function phosphorylation
Amuc_1434 Colon cancer cell line ATCC BAA-835 Cell proliferation Upregulate the expression of p53 and result in the [40]
LS174T arrest of CRC cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell
cycle
Colon cancer cell line ATCC BAA-835 Cell adhesion Bind with normal colon cells and degrade Muc2 [85]
LS174T secreted by colon cancer cells, as well as promoting
the mutual adhesion of colon cancer cells with high
Muc2 expression
Amuc_1100 HFD (mice) ATCC BAA-835 Gut barrier Interact with TLR2 on the cell surface to improve the [20]
function intestinal barrier function
PBMC ATTC BAA-835 Immunity Bind TLR2 or TLR4 on PBMCs and activate the NF-κB [86]
signaling pathway to produce high levels of IL-10