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Page 10 of 16 Stuehler et al. Microbiome Res Rep. 2025;4:19 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/mrr.2024.84

Figure 5. Bar graph containing 13 KEGG Orthology pathways having 10 or more sequence assignments from Wolbachia identified in L.
fagarae FL-isolates. A full table of sequences assigned to KO identifiers is available in Supplementary Table 1.

Figure 6. MUSCLE alignment of 8 bacterioferritin sequences. Residues with a 100% identity between all 8 sequences are highlighted.
Sequence accessions are available in Supplementary Table 2.

surrounding Wolbachia has increased due to an expanded understanding of the microorganism’s influence
on reproductive systems, fitness, and development traits in its host. In some insects, Wolbachia are known
to upregulate egg production in maternal hosts [18,21,39] , and increase recombination of the host X
[40]
chromosome, resulting in proportionately high genetic divergence . Our study presents the first
characterization of Wolbachia in L. fagarae and our results from MLST and wsp analysis indicate we have
recovered transcripts from a new strain. Therefore, based on prior classification per the established
nomenclature system , we propose the designation wLfag-FL as the species strain ID of the Wolbachia
[41]
isolate from wild lime psyllids in the state of Florida, United States.

To identify the strain of Wolbachia, multiple housekeeping genes circulated over the genome were used as a
core marker gene set, which is suggested for accurate Wolbachia strain genotyping . The wsp gene
[42]