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Stuehler et al. Microbiome Res Rep. 2025;4:19 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/mrr.2024.84 Page 9 of 16

Figure 4. BRIG alignment of 11 Wolbachia endosymbiont genomes belonging to Supergroup B used in the MLST phylogenetic
classification of wLfag-FL. Wolbachia endosymbiont of S. picta was set as the reference genome (red); the outermost ring (dark green) is
made of wLfag-FL transcripts. Genome assembly lengths are in parenthesis next to the names of the Wolbachia strain. Genome
accessions are in Table 1. BRIG: Blast Ring Image Generator; MLST: multilocus sequence typing; wLfag-FL: Wolbachia endosymbiont of
Leuronota fagarae.

sequences identified by KEGG as belonging to the secretion system pathways, two were affiliated with Type
I secretion (T1SS), four with Type IV secretion (T4SS), and five with the Sec-pathway where one of the five
was identified as the signal recognition particle (SRP) protein encoded by the ffh gene, which was identified
as the prokaryotic counterpart of the eukaryotic 54 kDa subunit of SRP (SRP54). The other Sec-pathway
components identified were secA, an ATPase, as well as secD, secE, and secF, which are all integral
membrane proteins. Gram-negative bacteria T1SS outer membrane protein TolC was identified along with
a T1SS system ATPase. T4SS proteins VirB4, VirB6, VirB9, and VirB11 were additionally identified.

DISCUSSION
[38]
Wolbachia is a maternally inherited bacterium pervasively found in insect species . The number of studies