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Table 1. Hand-assisted laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy

Period of Surgical operation Included N of HALS pancreatic HALS vs. open HALS vs.
enrollment approaches procedures TLS/robotic
[29]
Cuschieri , 2000 - DP, TP, minor pancreatic resections, liver HALS 2 - -
resections,
[53]
Misawa et al. , 2006 2004-2005 DP HALS, open 8 Reduced IBL, LOS -
Similar OT
[39]
D’Angelica et al. , 2002-2004 DP HALS 17 - -
2006
[54]
Pierce et al. , 2007 2000-2006 DP, enucleation HALS*, TLS 3 - -
[55]
Teh et al. , 2007 2002-2005 DP HALS*, TLS, open 8 - -
[56]
Tang et al. , 2007 1999-2006 DP HALS*, TLS, open° 2 - -
[44]
Nakamura et al. , 2000-2007 DP HALS*, TLS, open 5 - -
2008
[57]
Laxa et al. , 2008 2002-2007 DP HALS, TLS 7 - -
[58]
Vijan et al. , 2010 2004-2009 DP HALS*, TLS, open 2 - -
[43]
Jayaraman et al. , 2003-2009 DP HALS*, TLS, open 38 - -
2010
[59]
Gumbs et al. , 2012 - DP HALS*, TLS 4 - -
[42]
Kneuertz et al. , 2000-2011 DP HALS, TLS 62 - Increased LOS
2012
[60]
Rostas et al. , 2012 2008-2011 DP HALS 34 - -
[61]
Rutz et al. , 2014 2009-2013 DP HALS, TLS, open 21 - Increased IBL, tumor
size
Similar LOS, morbidity
[41]
Postlewait et al. , 2000-2014 DP HALS, TLS, robotic, 46 Reduced IBL, LOS Similar IBL, LOS
2018 open Similar specimen length, OT, and
LN yield
[16]
Gamboa et al. , 2020 2010-2018 DP HALS, TLS, robotic, 109 Reduced IBL, LOS -
open Similar OT, morbidity, LN yield, R0
rate

The literature search was conducted on the PubMed database. The search terms used were “laparoscopy” OR “hand-assisted” AND “pancreatic resection” OR “distal pancreatectomy” OR “pancreatectomy”
individually or in combination. A manual search of reference lists of included articles was conducted. Case reports were excluded from the table. N: Number; HALS: hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery; TLS: total
laparoscopic surgery; DP: distal pancreatectomy; TP: total pancreatectomy; LOS: length of stay; IBL: intraoperative blood loss; OT: operative time; LN: lymph node. *HALS was not treated as a separate group from
laparoscopy; °historical cohort.