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Goh et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2021;5:30 Mini-invasive Surgery
DOI: 10.20517/2574-1225.2021.42

Case Report Open Access

Laparo-endoscopic single site hysterectomy in renal

transplant women using conventional laparoscopic
instruments

1
1
Wei-An Goh , Eunice MX Tan , Ravichandran Nadarajah 2
1
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SingHealth, Singapore 169608, Singapore.
Correspondence to: Dr. Ravichandran Nadarajah, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SingHealth, Outram Rd, Singapore
169608, Singapore. E-mail: ravichandran.nadarajah@singhealth.com.sg
How to cite this article: Goh WA, Tan EM, Nadarajah R. Laparo-endoscopic single site hysterectomy in renal transplant women
using conventional laparoscopic instruments. Mini-invasive Surg 2021;5:30. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2021.42

Received: 22 Mar 2021 First Decision: 26 Apr 2021 Revised: 5 May 2021 Accepted: 12 May 2021 First online: 27 May 2021
Academic Editor: Simone Ferrero Copy Editor: Xi-Jun Chen Production Editor: Xi-Jun Chen

Abstract
Kidney transplant recipients are at a higher risk of developing cancers as compared to the general population. This
is of concern when it comes to gynaecological pathologies because the transplanted kidney lies in the pelvic region,
in close proximity to the diseased organ. The successful use of laparo-endoscopic single site surgery with
conventional laparoscopic instruments for total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in three
patients with prior renal transplantation is reported.

Keywords: Laparo-endoscopic single site surgery, hysterectomy, renal transplant, laparoscopy, ovarian tumour,
endometrial cancer

INTRODUCTION
The prevalence and incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has been increasing across the world. It is
2
expected that around 1.5% of people with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 15-60 mL/min/1.73 m
transition to ESRD every year . The standard of care for patients with ESRD is either dialysis or kidney
[1]
transplantation. Numerous studies have shown that patient survival is significantly higher with kidney
transplantation than with dialysis. Moreover, with the use of better immunosuppression and improved
surgical techniques, graft and patient survival after kidney transplantation have improved over the years .
[2,3]

© The Author(s) 2021. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing,
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