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Jawale et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2019;3:19 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2019.12 Page 3 of 4

Specification of the camera used are: Sensor: 1/12 color COMS, Pixel size: 1.75 μm × 1.75 μm, Effective Pixels:
1080 (h) × 800 (v), Operation Temperature: -10 °C ~ +50 °C, S/N Ratio: 38dB

LED:6PCS 0402 LED, DC3.3 V × 50 mA, Dimensions 7 mm × 20 mm, Image Sensor: 1440 μm × 1653 μm,
Fps: 30 Fps constant, Sensitivity: 960 mV (Lux × sec), Voltage: 5 volts DC, Video Output: USB, Dynamic
range: 66dB, FOV: 90 degrees, DOF: 2-5 cm

DISCUSSION
The need for diagnostic laparoscopic surgeries in rural areas brought many innovations. For example the
use of Gas Insufflation Less Laparoscopic Surgeries (GILLS) and the use of cystoscope for laparoscopy in
[2]
rural areas . This would still require the Laparoscopic camera and the light source. The rigid Laparoscope
[1]
is a three in one device replacing the telescope, light source and camera combining them into a single low-
cost device.

The advent of Laparoscopy has widened the need for Diagnostic laparoscopies especially in gynecological
practice like confirming the diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease; in the evaluation of malignancies
and abdominal-pelvic trauma; and the surgical treatment of pelvic pain .
[2]
Since the laparoscope has a video camera in the front, the image is converted into electronic signal and
there is no image loss as in the case of rod lenses of conventional optical laparoscopes. Hence the video
quality is excellent [Supplementary Video 4-5]. The video quality was excellent for variety of operations such
as needle assisted laparoscopic herniotomy [Supplementary Video 3], Laparoscope assisted orchidopexies
[Supplementary Video 1-2], etc. The laparoscope is a three in one device in the sense that It is the combination
of a telescope, Led light source and laparoscopic endo camera. It is equivalent to $10,000 as $4000 for optical
endoscope, $4000 for endo camera and $2000 for Led light source are incorporated in it. With great hard
work the first author himself commercialized it with a cost of $300 which is the cheapest laparoscope in the
market today. It is being distributed in India and world over through a no profit organization called Vigyan
Yog Foundation founded by the author.

CONCLUSION
The rigid video laparoscope device is safe, compact of good quality and is likely to revolutionize diagnostic
and operative laparoscopy in India and other third world countries.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Devised the manuscript and did the clinical study: Jawale S
Used the device for diagnostic laparoscopies in rural areas: Jesudian G
Helped raising the manuscript: Agarwal P

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
The first author have done the whole research and study with his own money.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared there are no conflicts of interest.