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Herbella et al.                                                                                                                                                                   Achalasia: South American experience

           procedures are still in use in Brazil and some surgeons   Ethics approval
           acquired  a  large  experience  with  these  techniques.   Not applicable.
           Esophageal  resection is also a popular  choice for
           dilated megaesophagi.                              REFERENCES

           This seminar reflects the lessons learned by different   1.   Patti  MG, Herbella  FA.  Achalasia  and  other  esophageal  motility
           Brazilian centers highly experienced in the treatment   disorders. J Gastrointest Surg 2011;15:703-7.
           of Chagas disease esophagopathy. Different treatment   2.   Andolfi  C,  Bonavina  L,  Kavitt  RT,  Konda  VJ,  Asti  E,  Patti  MG.
           options are discussed in the light of  personal       Importance  of esophageal manometry  and pH monitoring  in the
           experiences  emphasizing  aspects  not  frequently    evaluation of patients with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease:
           adopted by North American and European surgeons. [8]  a multicenter study. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2016;26:548-50.
                                                              3.   Stanaway JD, Roth G. The burden of Chagas disease: estimates and
           DECLARATIONS                                          challenges. Glob Heart 2015;10:139-44.
                                                              4.   Gorchakov  R,  Trosclair  LP,  Wozniak  EJ,  Feria  PT,  Garcia  MN,
           Authors’ contributions                                Gunter  SM,  Murray  KO.  Trypanosoma  cruzi  infection  prevalence
           Conception and design, writing the manuscript, review   and bloodmeal analysis in triatomine vectors of chagas disease from
           of the final version: F.A.M. Herbella                 rural  peridomestic  locations  in  Texas,  2013-2014.  J Med Entomol
                                                                 2016;53:911-8.
           Writing the manuscript, review of the final version: L.M.   5.   Antinori S, Galimberti L, Bianco R, Grande R, Galli M, Corbellino M.
           Del Grande                                            Chagas disease in Europe: a review for the internist in the globalized
           Financial support and sponsorship                  6.   world. Eur J Intern Med 2017; doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2017.05.001.
                                                                 Herbella FA, Oliveira DR, Del Grande JC. Are idiopathic and Chagasic
           None.                                                 achalasia two different diseases? Dig Dis Sci 2004;49:353-60.
                                                              7.   Herbella FA, Moura EG, Patti MG.  Achalasia 2016: treatment
           Conflicts of interest                                 alternatives. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2017;27:6-11.
           There are no conflicts of interest.                8.   Herbella  FA,  Aquino  JL,  Stefani-Nakano  S,  Artifon  EL,  Sakai  P,
                                                                 Crema E, Andreollo NA, Lopes LR, de Castro Pochini C, Corsi PR,
           Patient consent                                       Gagliardi D, Del Grande JC. Treatment of achalasia: lessons learned
           Not applicable.                                       with Chagas’ disease. Dis Esophagus 2008;21:461-7.










































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