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[75]
Kuesters et al. , 2018 2010-2016 PD LAS, open 62 Increased OT, R0 rate -
Comparable lymph node yield, morbidity and
mortality rate
Shorter LOS
[76]
Tan et al. , 2019 2014-2016 PD LAS, open 20 Increased OT -
Similar morbidity rate, LN yield, R0 rate
Reduced time to deambulation
[83]
Goh et al. , 2019 2014-2017 PD, TP LAS*, TLS, robotic 18 - -
[84]
van Hilst et al. , 2019 2014-2018 PD LAS, TLS 56 - Increased conversion rate
Similar IBL, OT, LOS, POPF rate, severe
morbidity rate
[74]
Pham et al. , 2020 2014-2019 PD LAS 18 - -
[68]
Tian et al. , 2020 2013-2018 PD LAS, open 36 Decreased blood loss -
Increased OT
Similar CR-POPF rate, need for blood
transfusions, LOS
[78]
Nieuwenhuijs et al. , 2016-2017 PD LAS, open, TLS 10 Similar CR-POPF -
2020
[96]
Klompmaker et al. , 2012-2017 PD LAS*, RA, TLS, open 130 - -
2020
[82]
Wang et al. , 2020 2016-2018 PD LAS, TLS 48 - Increased OT, IBL
Similar LOS, morbidity rate, POPF rate
[69]
Al-Sadairi et al. , 2019 PD LAS 21 - -
2021

The literature search was conducted on the PubMed database; the search terms used were “laparoscopy” OR “laparoscopic-assisted” OR “hybrid” OR “hand-assisted” AND “pancreatic resection” OR
“pancreaticoduodenectomy” OR “Whipple” or “pancreatectomy” individually or in combination. A manual search of reference lists of included articles was conducted. Case reports were excluded from the table.
[97]
Articles with no full text available were excluded . Articles presenting new pancreatic anastomotic techniques were excluded. N: Number; LAS: laparoscopic-assisted surgery; TLS: total laparoscopic surgery; RA:
robotic-assisted; PD: pancreaticoduodenectomy; TP: total pancreatectomy; LOS: length of stay; IBL: intraoperative blood loss; OT: operative time; QoL: quality of life; CR-POPF: clinically relevant postoperative

pancreatic fistula. *LAS was not treated as a separate group from laparoscopy.