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will hopefully shed some light on the question as to what the relevant definition of robotic or robot-assisted
surgery should be. It is increasingly clear that surgeons will need to be fluent in open, laparoscopic (including
endoscopic and thoracoscopic), and “robotic” techniques, and that all three of these modalities are simply
what it means to be a modern surgeon.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Drafting of manuscript and editing: Gumbs AA
Editing and provided administrative support: De Simone B, Chouillard E

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020.

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