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Mitura et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2021;5:22 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2021.19 Page 7 of 10

Table 3. Short- and long-term results of Desarda technique
Patients in follow-up
n = 198
Early postoperative complications 11 (5.6%)
Hematoma 5 (2.5%)
Surgical site infection 0 (0%)
Seroma 4 (2.0%)
Scrotal/testicular oedema 2 (1.0%)
Pain (VAS), mean (SD) 0.44 (0.41)
Verbal description of pain, n (%)
No pain 167 (84.4%)
Mild pain 27 (13.6%)
Moderate pain 4 (2.0%)
Severe pain 0 (0%)
Pain occurrence, n (%)
No pain 167 (84.4%)
Incidental 28 (14.1%)
Constant pain 3 (1.5%)
Foreign body sensation, n (%) 1 (0.5%)
Loss or change of sensation, n (%) 43 (21.7%)
Patient’s full satisfaction, n (%)
Yes 198 (100%)
No 0 (0%)
Recurrence, n (%)
Yes 3 (1.5%)
No 195 (98.5%)

out that the recurrence rate after inguinal hernia repairs can still be as high as 11%, of which 43% appear
even 10 years after the initial surgery . There are limited data on the long-term incidence of this
[12]
complication after the Desarda surgery. Among 1320 inguinal hernia repairs performed by the author of the
discussed technique, with at least 7 years of follow-up, only one early recurrence was found, which was a
result of an error during surgery . At that time, a direct hernia was identified by mistake, leaving the
[6,7]
[9]
coexisting indirect hernia unrecognized and, therefore, not properly managed. Szopinski et al. reported
two recurrences in a group of 105 patients after Desarda repair (1.9%) which occurred in the weakened area
of the posterior wall or internal inguinal ring up to 3 years after the surgery. These results were confirmed
by Bracale et al. in a recent systematic review pointing out that the results of Desarda repair have a low
[11]
recurrence rate similar to the one after the Lichtenstein technique. It seems that these optimistic data will
change with popularization of the method and the treatment of a larger number of patients, but results
achieved so far should be considered satisfactory.

The undoubted advantage of the Desarda method is the simplicity of its implementation, even by surgeons
with little experience in hernia surgery. This brings the learning curve of this technique closer to the way of
gaining experience in the Lichtenstein operations. Inguinal hernia repairs are among the most frequently
performed operations in surgical departments, especially by young surgeons. It seems that development of
hernia techniques should take into account specific needs of this group, i.e., allow the repair to be simple,
safe, easy to learn and perform, without the risk of more serious complications during and after the
procedure, and with a minimum number of recurrences . Both the Desarda and Lichtenstein techniques
[13]
meet the criteria described. Therefore, the Desarda surgery may successfully compete with other open