Page 50 - Read Online
P. 50

Chandrasekar et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2021;5:33  https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2021.12  Page 13 of 16

               Availability of data and material
               Not applicable.


               Financial support and sponsorship
               None.


               Conflicts of interest
               Both authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.


               Ethical approval and consent to participate
               Not applicable.


               Consent for publication
               Not applicable.


               Copyright
               © The Author(s) 2021.

               REFERENCES
               1.       Bismuth H, Nakache R, Diamond T. Management strategies in resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg 1992;215:31-8.  DOI
                   PubMed  PMC
               2.       Ebata T, Kosuge T, Hirano S, et al. Proposal to modify the International Union Against Cancer staging system for perihilar
                   cholangiocarcinomas. Br J Surg 2014;101:79-88.  DOI  PubMed
               3.       Saha SK, Zhu AX, Fuchs CS, Brooks GA. Forty-year trends in cholangiocarcinoma incidence in the U.S.: intrahepatic disease on the
                   rise. Oncologist 2016;21:594-9.  DOI  PubMed  PMC
               4.       Bergquist A, von Seth E. Epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2015;29:221-32.  DOI  PubMed
               5.       Tyson GL, El-Serag HB. Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 2011;54:173-84.  DOI  PubMed  PMC
               6.       Singh A, Gelrud A, Agarwal B. Biliary strictures: diagnostic considerations and approach. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2015;3:22-31.
                   DOI  PubMed  PMC
               7.       Albu S, Tanţǎu M, Spârchez Z, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: results in a series of 124 patients.
                   Rom J Gastroenterol 2005;14:33-6.  PubMed
               8.       Choi SH, Han JK, Lee JM, et al. Differentiating malignant from benign common bile duct stricture with multiphasic helical CT.
                   Radiology 2005;236:178-83.  DOI  PubMed
               9.       Ruys AT, Ven Beem BE, Engelbrecht MRW, et al. Radiological staging in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review
                   and meta-analysis. Br J Radiol 2012;85:1255-62.  DOI
               10.      Zhang H, Zhu J, Ke F, et al. Radiological imaging for assessing the respectability of Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review
                   and meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:497942.  DOI  PubMed  PMC
               11.      Vanderveen KA, Hussain HK. Magnetic resonance imaging of cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Imaging 2004;4:104-15.  DOI  PubMed
                   PMC
               12.      Yeh TS, Jan YY, Tseng JH, et al. Malignant perihilar biliary obstruction: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographic findings. Am
                   J Gastroenterol 2000;95:432-40.  DOI  PubMed
               13.      Elias  Y,  Mariano  AT  Jr,  Lu  Y.  Detection  of  primary  malignancy  and  metastases  with  FDG  PET/CT  in  patients  with
                   cholangiocarcinomas: lesion-based comparison with contrast enhanced CT. World J Nucl Med 2016;15:161-6.  DOI  PubMed  PMC
               14.      Corvera CU, Blumgart LH, Akhurst T, et al. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography influences management decisions
                   in patients with biliary cancer. J Am Coll Surg 2008;206:57-65.  DOI  PubMed
               15.      Patel AH, Harnois DM, Klee GG, LaRusso NF, Gores GJ. The utility of CA 19-9 in the diagnoses of cholangiocarcinoma in patients
                   without primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:204-7.  DOI  PubMed
               16.      Malaguarnera  G,  Paladina  I,  Giordano  M,  Malaguarnera  M,  Bertino  G,  Berretta  M.  Serum  markers  of  intrahepatic
                   cholangiocarcinoma. Dis Markers 2013;34:219-28.  DOI  PubMed  PMC
               17.      Kim HJ, Kim MH, Myung SJ, et al. A new strategy for the application of CA19-9 in the differentiation of pancreaticobiliary cancer:
                   analysis using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:1941-6.  DOI  PubMed
               18.      Ramage JK, Donaghy A, Farrant J, Iorns R, Williams R. Serum tumor markers for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma in primary
                   sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology 1995;108:865-9.  DOI  PubMed
               19.      Alvarez Herrero L, Curvers WL, van Vilsteren FG, et al. Validation of the Prague C&M classification of Barrett's esophagus in clinical
                   practice. Endoscopy 2013;45:876-82.  DOI  PubMed
               20.      Vedeld HM, Folseraas T, Lind GE. Detecting cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis - The promise of
                   DNA methylation and molecular biomarkers. JHEP Rep 2020;2:100143.  DOI  PubMed  PMC
   45   46   47   48   49   50   51   52   53   54   55