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Phillips et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2020;4:12 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2020.02 Page 5 of 9

Table 2. Operative characteristics of study population
Robotic stapler Covidien stapler 1
n = 49 n = 187 P-value
Operative time, minutes, Mean (SD) 224 (55) 176 (48) < 0.001
2
Number of staple loads , Mean (SD) 11.0 (3.8) 10.1 (3.6) 0.11
Resection type, (%)
Segment 2 (4.1) 17 (9.1) 0.25
Lobe 46 (93.9) 168 (89.8) 0.39
Bi-Lobe 1 (2.0) 2 (1.1) 0.59
Tumor location, (%)
Right upper lobectomy 18 (36.7) 62 (33.2) 0.64
Right middle lobectomy 4 (8.2) 13 (7.0) 0.77
Right lower lobectomy 8 (16.3) 33 (17.6) 0.83
Left upper lobectomy 12 (24.5) 48 (25.7) 0.87
Left lower lobectomy 6 (12.2) 29 (15.5) 0.57
Bi-lobectomy (Middle/Lower) 1 (2.0) 2 (1.1) 0.59
Pathologic stage
IA 25 (51.0) 83 (44.4) 0.41
IB 10 (20.4) 42 (22.5) 0.76
IIA 1 (2.0) 9 (4.8) 0.39
IIB 8 (16.3) 10 (5.3) 0.01
IIIA 2 (4.1) 18 (9.6) 0.21
IIIB 1 (2.0) 1 (0.5) 0.31
IV 0 6 (3.2) x
Other 2 (4.1) 18 (9.6) 0.21
Lymph nodes, Mean (SD)
Total collected 14.1 (6.1) 14.7 (7.2) 0.58
N1 collected 7.7 (4.0) 7.7 (5.2) 0.98
N2 collected 6.3 (3.3) 7.0 (4.2) 0.31
Margin status, (%)
R0 49 (100) 184 (98.4) x
R1 0 3 (1.6) x
2
1 P-values from student’s t-test or chi-square test where appropriate. Excluded eight cases for insufficient staple load number data (seven
Covidien and one robotic). SD: standard deviation; x: statistics unable to be performed

Table 3. Postoperative characteristics of study population
Robot stapler Covidien stapler 1
n = 49 n = 187 P-value
Length of stay, days, Median (range) 3 (1-14) 3 (1-40) 0.16
Discharged with a chest tube, (%) 10 (20.4) 40 (21.4) 0.88
Chest tube duration, days, Median 2 (1-23) 2 (1-43) 0.17
(range)
2
Grade 3/4 complication rate , (%) 6 (12.2) 29 (15.5) 0.57
3
Complications , (%)
Return to operative room 4 1 (2.0) 1 (0.5) 0.31
Transfusion 1 (2.0) 3 (1.6) 0.83
Prolonged air leak 5 10 (20.4) 51 (27.3) 0.33
Pneumonia 2 (4.1) 16 (8.6) 0.29
Pleural effusion 6 1 (2.0) 5 (2.7) 0.80
Atelectasis 7 1 (2.0) 1 (0.5) 0.31
Pneumothorax 8 0 10 (5.3) x
Atrial fibrillation 9 0 13 (7.0) x
Myocardial infarction 0 0 x
3
Readmission , (%) 5 (10.2) 25 (13.4) 0.32
Pneumonia 2 (4.1) 7 (3.7) 0.91
Pneumothorax 0 5 (2.7) x
Pleural effusion 1 (2.0) 1 (0.5) 0.31
Empyema 0 1 (0.5) x
Infected pleural space 0 1 (0.5) x