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to achieving optimal outcomes. Therefore, the generalizability of our findings to less specialized centers may
be limited. Future directions for our research include an analysis of over 200 RAMIE cases performed to
date, as well as an evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of RAMIE compared to MIE.
DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Made substantial contributions to the conception of the manuscript and the execution of the techniques
described: Matto MA, Luketich JD, Alicuben ET, Sarkaria IS, Baker N, Kim S
Creation of figures in the manuscript: Luketich S
Availability of data and materials
Data for this manuscript were taken from Ref. .
[5]
Financial support and sponsorship
The study was supported by the Training Grant (T32) from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
NIH, HHS, United States (Grant No. T32 HL160526).
Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval and consent to participate
The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board/Research Ethics Board of the University of
Pittsburgh (Approval Number: STUDY2005005S, Approval Date: September 30, 2020). Written informed
consent was waived.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2025.
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