Page 20 - Read Online

Page 14 of 21 Tsuboi et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2024;8:26 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2023.94

and Biojet capsules (Biora Therapeutics, San Diego, CA) are being explored for drug administration.

Furthermore, smart capsules with biopsy capabilities combine diagnostic imaging with tissue sampling,
offering a less invasive alternative to traditional endoscopic biopsies [181,182] . These capsules may be less
burdensome to patients, safer, and more acceptable than conventional endoscopic methods.

CONCLUSION
CE has proven to be a minimally invasive and highly effective diagnostic tool. Nevertheless, certain
challenges remain, including the time-consuming reading process, high cost, and extensive preparation
required for CCE. The integration of AI in clinical practice as an assistive reading tool may alleviate the
burden on physicians and address these issues effectively. Thus, with the potential for AI-driven assisted
reading, CE can further enhance its diagnostic capabilities in the field of gastroenterology. Furthermore, the
clinical development of novel CEs is underway, which will enable the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases
through a less invasive approach in the near future.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Study’s conception and design: Tsuboi A, Oka S, Tanaka S
Writing the paper: Tsuboi A
Provided administrative, technical, and material support: Tsuboi A

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024.

REFERENCES
1. Iddan G, Meron G, Glukhovsky A, Swain P. Wireless capsule endoscopy. Nature 2000;405:417. DOI PubMed
2. Gerson LB, Fidler JL, Cave DR, Leighton JA. ACG clinical guideline: diagnosis and management of small bowel bleeding. Am J
Gastroenterol 2015;110:1265-87. DOI PubMed
3. Pennazio M, Rondonotti E, Despott EJ, et al. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy for diagnosis and
treatment of small-bowel disorders: european society of gastrointestinal endoscopy (ESGE) guideline - update 2022. Endoscopy
2023;55:58-95. DOI PubMed
4. Yamamoto H, Ogata H, Matsumoto T, et al. Clinical practice guideline for enteroscopy. Dig Endosc 2017;29:519-46. DOI PubMed
5. Meron GD. The development of the swallowable video capsule (M2A). Gastrointest Endosc 2000;52:817-9. DOI PubMed
6. Friedrich K, Gehrke S, Stremmel W, Sieg A. First clinical trial of a newly developed capsule endoscope with panoramic side view for