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Arroyo Seguí et al. J Transl Genet Genom 2020;4:263-77 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jtgg.2020.35 Page 275

genetic factors. Lastly, as has been the case with most genetic research, greater diversity is needed in this
field to ensure that the clinical gains from this research are broadly beneficial to all patients. Nevertheless,
the development of PGx-guided strategies has the potential to reduce opioid misuse, improve clinical
outcomes, and save healthcare resources.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Participated in the initial conception of the manuscript: Arroyo Seguí H, Melin K, Santiago Quiñones D,
Duconge J
Performed the majority of literature review and first draft of the manuscript: Arroyo Seguí H, Melin K
Provided critical review of the paper and editing of the final manuscript: Santiago Quiñones D, Duconge J
Reviewed and approved the final manuscript for publication: Arroyo Seguí H, Melin K, Santiago Quiñones
D, Duconge J

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
Dr. Melin and Dr. Santiago Quiñones’ work was partially supported by The National Institute of Health
(NIH) (HCTRECD R25MD007607, HiREC S21MD001830) from the National Institute on Minority Health
and Health Disparities; Dr. Melin’s work was also partially supported by NIH (SC2DA052099) from the
National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020.

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