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Page 24 of 31 Guerra et al. J Transl Genet Genom 2019;3:9. I https://doi.org/10.20517/jtgg.2018.03

2. Epigenetic factors modulate verbal communication. Songbird studies bring a better understanding of the
human communication process. In silico predictive analysis can identify the epigenetic factors involved in
disorders of speech and language.

3. Their mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated and there are several molecular pathways
involved in communication that interact with each other.

4. Speech and language disorders may be inherited or syndromic, associated or not with neurological
and psychiatric disorders. In associated cases, identifying genes may be useful for an early diagnosis or
predicting the disease progression.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Made substantial contributions to conception and design of the review and interpretation: Guerra J
Read, adjusted and approved the final manuscript: Cacabelos R

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
Both authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2019.

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