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Wen et al. J. Mater. Inf. 2025, 5, 30 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jmi.2024.102 Page 19 of 21

Visualization, funding acquisition, project administration, software, writing - review and editing: Sa, B.
Supervision, writing - review and editing: Qiu, Y.

Availability of data and materials
All datasets generated for this study are included in the article/Supplementary Materials.

Financial support and sponsorship
This work is financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.
2022YFB3807200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51301039), the State
Administration for Market Regulation (No. 2021MK050), and Fujian Provincial Department of Science &
Technology of China (Nos. 2024J01948, 2023H6037, 2023S0065, 2021H6011).

Conflicts of interest
Yang, S.; Huang, Z.; Yu, Z.; Zhao, X. and Xu, B. are affiliated with Contemporary Amperex Technology Co.,
Limited (CATL). Sa, B. is the Guest Editor of the special issue “Advances in Machine Learning for
Photoelectric Materials Research and Applications” in Journal of Materials Informatics. Sa, B. was not
involved in any steps of the editorial process, including reviewer selection, manuscript handling, or
decision-making. The other authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2025.

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