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Zaichick et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2019;5:48 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2019.07 Page 5 of 9

Table 3. Median, minimum and maximum value of means of Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn concentration (mg/L) in prostate fluid of
patients with BPH and PCa according to data from the literature
Published data [Ref.] This work results
Disease Element Median of means Minimum of means Maximum of means M ± SD
(n)* M or M ± SD, (n)** M ± SD, (n)**
BPH Br - - - 2.32 ± 1.84
Fe - - - 11.5 ± 10.8
Rb 2.35 (1) 2.35 ± 1.85 (11) [43] 2.35 ± 1.85 (11) [43] 1.70 ± 1.41
Sr - - - 1.41 ± 1.09
Zn 459 (7) 268 (7) [46] 9870 ± 10130 (11) [47] 488 ± 302
PCa Br - - - 4.51 ± 7.19
Fe - - - 21.7 ± 28.8
Rb 1.11 (1) 1.11 ± 0.57 (15) [43] . 1.11 ± 0.57 (15) [43] 0.53 ± 0.38
Sr - - - 1.70 ± 2.15
Zn 65.4 (6) 34.7 ± 34.6 (13) [44] 722 (3) [49] 62.0 ± 98.3
M: arithmetic mean; SD: standard deviation; (n)*: number of all references; (n)**: number of samples; BPH: Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Table 4. Comparison of mean values (M ± SEM) of Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn concentration (mg/L) in prostate fluid of patients
with BPH and PCa
Age groups Ratios
Element
BPH PCa Student’s t-test P value U-test* P value PCa to BPH
Br 2.32 ± 0.30 4.51 ± 2.27 ≤ 0.364 > 0.05 1.94
Fe 11.5 ± 1.8 21.7 ± 8.7 ≤ 0.272 > 0.05 1.89
Rb 1.70 ± 0.23 0.53 ± 0.11 ≤ 0.000024 # < 0.01 # 0.31
Sr 1.41 ± 0.26 1.70 ± 0.76 ≤ 0.729 > 0.05 1.21
Zn 488 ± 42 62.0 ± 20.1 ≤ 0.00000001 # < 0.01 # 0.13
#significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). M: arithmetic mean; SEM: standard error of mean; *Wilcoxon: Mann Whitney U-test; BPH: Benign
prostatic hyperplasia

The comparison of our results with published data for Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn concentrations in EPF of
hyperplastic and cancerous prostate [41-44,46-50] is shown in Table 3. A number of values for Zn concentrations
in EPF were not expressed on a wet mass basis in the cited literature. Therefore, we calculated these values
using the published data for water - 93.2% .
[50]
The ratios of means and the differences between mean values of Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn concentrations in EPF
of patients with BPH and PCa are presented in Table 4.

DISCUSSION
The mean values and all selected statistical parameters were calculated for 5 (Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn) TE
concentrations [Table 2]. The concentrations of Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn were measured in all, or a major
portion of EPF samples of hyperplastic and cancerous prostate.

The mean of Zn concentration obtained for BPH group of prostate fluid, as shown in Table 3, agrees well
with median of means cited by other researches [41-44,46-50] . The mean of Rb concentration obtained for EPF
samples of CP group agrees well with our data reported 38 years ago . No published data referring to Br,
[43]
Fe, Rb, and Sr concentrations in EPF samples of patients with CP were found.

In the EPF samples of cancerous prostate our results were comparable with published data for Zn
concentrations [Table 3]. The mean of Rb concentration obtained for EPF samples of PCa group was some
lower than our data reported 38 years ago . No published data referring to Br, Fe, and Sr concentrations in
[43]
EPF samples obtained from patients with PCa were found.