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Table 1: Studies using 3D primary brain tumor model systems

Cells Tumor type Condition Experiment Matrix or Effect Ref.
scaffold
Analysis of
cell growth in
Glioblastoma neurospheres, 50 % reduction in
U87MG multiforme 2D, 3D wound healing None neurosphere formation [83]
(GBM) neurospheres after DDX6 or and migration
PHLDB1 knock-
down
Analysis of stable Mutant IDH1 causes
U-251MG, 2D, 3D spheroid over-expression reduced cell migration
U-343MG, Glioma culture of wt and None and differences in [84]
LN-229 mutant proteins growth properties in
under different 3D spheroid cultures.
oxygenation.

Spheroid in soft Stem cell-mediated
agar, 2D culture,
2D, 3D single anti-tumor effect.
U87 GBM analysis of Glioma Soft agar [85]
cell embedding Increased IC50 under
co-culture with 3D culture conditions.
MSCs expressing
suicide gene.
Pediatric and 3D, long- Rotary cell culture Angiogenic change
KNS42, U87, adult GBM and term culture of to generate large and endothelial marker
Res196, ependymoma, large cellular cell aggregates, None expression in GBM [86]
T7/11, GB-1 pediatric mixed aggregates growth on top of aggregates
glial tumor matrigel.

Exposure to Cytotoxic effect
Doxorubicin, measured in 2D
SHSY5Y, GBM and 3D, spheroid Etoposide and cannot be extrapolated
T98G, neuroblastoma culture Vincristine, None to 3D. 3D cultures [58]
U138MG analysis by can also display
electrochemical higher sensitivity to
impedance chemotherapeutics.
spectroscopy.

2D wound healing,
tubulogenesis Tube structure
U67-MG GBM 2D assay on matrigel None formation [87]
after exposure
to rapamycin or
hypoxia.
Validation of tissue
Rat C6, 3D, spheroid Comparison of clearing protocols
NSCs adult Glioma culture different 3D tissue None of high resolution [88]
hippocampal clearing protocols. imaging of spheroid
culture.
Increased HLA-E
2D and 3D Proteomic expression in 3D
U251 Glioma rotary cell comparison of 2D None culture and increased [89]
culture system and 3D cell culture. resistance to NK-
mediated cytotoxicity.
DBTRG, T98, Cytotoxicity assays Bovine
U87, A172, using collagen skin Collagen-based
8MGBA, I and collagen collagen I, 3D matrix reduces
42MGBA, GBM 2D, 3D, single I-HA matrices in Collagen sensitivity of GSCs [60]
cell embedding
DKMG, combination with I-HA to receptor tyrosine
GAMG, receptor tyrosine mixtures kinase inhibitors.
GMS10, GSCs kinase inhibitors.
Contind...

Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment ¦ Volume 2 ¦ May 18, 2016 ¦ 153