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Valković et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2022;8:16 Journal of Cancer
DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2021.208
Metastasis and Treatment

Case Report Open Access

Angiogenesis and osteopontin expression in
paraskeletal myeloma with plasmablastic

morphology and aggressive clinical course: a report
of two cases

2
1,2
Toni Valković 1,2,3 , Marija Stanić Damić , Frane Valković , Nives Jonjić 2,4
1
Department of Hematology, University Hospital Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia.
2
Faculty of Medicine Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia.
3
Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia.
4
Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia.
Correspondence to: Dr. Marija Stanić Damić, MD, Department of Hematology, University Hospital Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, Rijeka
51000, Croatia. E-mail: marija.stanic@uniri.hr.
How to cite this article: Valković T, Damić MS, Valković F, Jonjić N. Angiogenesis and osteopontin expression in paraskeletal
myeloma with plasmablastic morphology and aggressive clinical course: a report of two cases. J Cancer Metastasis Treat
2022;8:16. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2021.208
Received: 30 Nov 2021 First Decision: 11 Jan 2022 Revised: 15 Mar 2021 Accepted: 14 Apr 2022 Published: 24 Apr 2022

Academic Editors: Domenico Ribatti, Gopal C. Kundu Copy Editor: Jia-Xin Zhang Production Editor: Jia-Xin Zhang

Abstract
Extramedullary disease (EMD) of multiple myeloma (MM) can present as paraskeletal (paraosseous)
plasmocytoma (PP) that arise from skeletal focal lesions or extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) that derive from
hematogenous spread. The pathogenetic mechanisms that distinguish classical MM, PP, and EMP are still
insufficiently known, as are the therapies that would be effective in EMD. The aim of this study was to evaluate
immunohistochemically the angiogenesis, determined as microvessel density (MVD) and osteopontin expression
in PP, of two patients with MM of plasmablastic morphology and an aggressive course of disease. We found high
levels of MVD and osteopontin expression in both cases of PP. The role of angiogenesis and osteopontin in EMD
should be clarified in future investigations, especially since there are no satisfactory therapeutic protocols for this
form of multiple myeloma, and both of these biological factors can be the potential targets of new therapies.

Keywords: Extramedullary myeloma, paraskeletal plasmacytoma, osteopontin, angiogenesis, plasmablastic
morphology

© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
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