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Page 6 of 12 Ossoliński et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2019;5:1 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2018.63

Figure 2. Volcano plot, all differentiating metabolites. Blue dots: urine metabolites; red dots: serum metabolites; orange dots: interstitial
fluid metabolites. All substances above red horizontal line are statistically significant (P < 0.05). Two enumerated metabolites in upper
right quadrant represent m/z values of most promising, potential urine and serum prostate cancer biomarkers

Table 1. Selected clinical characteristics of patients

Study group (prostate biopsy)
Characteristics Controls (no prostate biopsy) (n = 10)
Positive (n = 5) Negative (n = 5)
Age (years)
Mean 28.7 71.4 66.8
PSA (ng/mL), n (%)
PSA < 4 10 (100%) 0 0
PSA 4-10 0 2 (40%) 1 (20%)
PSA 10-20 0 0 3 (60%)
PSA 20-50 0 2 (40%) 1 (20%)
PSA > 50 0 1 (20%) 0
DRE
Suspected of PCa 0 4 0
Normal 10 1 5
Prostate volume (mL), n (%)
< 30 mL 10 (100%) 1 (20%) 1 (20%)
30-80 mL 0 3 (60%) 4 (80%)
> 80 mL 0 1 (20%) 0
PCa risk (%)
Mean 2 77.2 42.6
Gleason grade, n (%)
6 - 0 -
7 - 3 (60%) -
8 - 1 (20%) -
9 - 1 (20%) -
PSA: prostate-specific antigen; DRE: digital rectal examination; PCa: prostate cancer

all of the necessary experimental procedures and thus greatly speed-up the experimental part of the analysis.
For the imaging experiment presented in this work, the timeframe contained ~10 min of sample application