Page 138 - Read Online

Page 8 of 10 Grelet et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2019;5:16 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2018.85

However, because hnRNP-E1 is pleiotropic and ubiquitous, confining therapeutic strategies to tumor cells
may be challenging.

The phenotypic changes observed during cell plasticity and tumor progression demand radical proteomic
reprogramming of cells concomitant with a modulation of the codon usage by the translational machinery.
Accumulation of evidence advocates for acknowledgement of a primary role for hnRNP E1 in cell plasticity,
and this is reinforced by identification of mechanisms involving hnRNP E1 that directly or indirectly
converge upon the translational control of plasticity-associated proteins. We therefore propose that
hnRNP E1, together with its associated proteins, acts as a hub that orchestrates the demands of proteome
reprogramming during health and disease-associated cell plasticity.

DECLARATIONS
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank W. Scott Streitfeld for providing helpful feedback during the preparation of this
manuscript.

Authors’ contributions
Wrote the manuscript: Grelet S
Validated the manuscript: Howe PH

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported by Hollings Cancer Center Postdoctoral Fellowship to Grelet S and the National
Cancer Institute (CA154663) to Howe PH.

Conflicts of interest
Both authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2019.

REFERENCES
1. Chaffer CL, Weinberg RA. A perspective on cancer cell metastasis. Science 2011;331:1559-64.
2. Thiery JP, Acloque H, Huang RY, Nieto MA. Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease. Cell 2009;139:871-90.
3. Nieto MA, Huang RY, Jackson RA, Thiery JP. EMT: 2016. Cell 2016;166:21-45.
4. Dongre A, Weinberg RA. New insights into the mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and implications for cancer. Nat Rev Mol
Cell Biol 2019;20:69-84.
5. Pignatelli J, Goswami S, Jones JG, Rohan TE, Pieri E, et al. Invasive breast carcinoma cells from patients exhibit MenaINV- and
macrophage-dependent transendothelial migration. Sci Signal 2014;7:ra112.
6. Liu F, Gu LN, Shan BE, Geng CZ, Sang MX. Biomarkers for EMT and MET in breast cancer: an update. Oncol Lett 2016;12:4869-76.
7. Aiello NM, Maddipati R, Norgard RJ, Balli D, Li J, et al. EMT subtype Influences epithelial plasticity and mode of cell migration. Dev Cell
2018;45:681-95.e4.
8. Wang W, Goswami S, Lapidus K, Wells AL, Wyckoff JB, et al. Identification and testing of a gene expression signature of invasive