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Page 14 of 16 Silk et al. Hepatoma Res 2020;6:73 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2020.61

CONCLUSION
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have successfully extended the overall survival in patients with hepatocellular
carcinoma [4-7] . However these treatments have been noted to cause severe side effects including liver
[68]
toxicity, hypertension, gastrointestinal toxicity and the discussed cutaneous toxicities . These cutaneous
toxicities tend to occur during the first and second months of treatment and can be managed with
symptomatic treatment and dose reductions if necessary. Additional prophylactic measures can help
prevent the manifestation of the some of most common cutaneous toxicities including HFRS and
stomatitis. It is in these authors’ opinions on and others that the monitoring of TKI treated patients for
cutaneous toxicities should be conducted every 2 weeks for the first few months of treatment and a baseline
dermatological exam is also necessary [22,58,68] . A summary of recommendations for the management of
cutaneous adverse events are displayed in Table 5. As cutaneous toxicities have also been seen with more
recently developed TKIs, including Afatinib and Dorafenib, it appears as more TKIs are used to treat HCC
that these cutaneous toxicities will remain as treatment side effects requiring careful management [69,70] .

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Made substantial contributions to conception and design of the review article: Silk T, Wu J

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020.

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