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Sempokuya et al. Hepatoma Res 2019;5:38 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2019.013 Page 5 of 10

Table 2. Patient characteristics of 10-year survivors vs. non-survivors
10-year survivors (n = 70) 10-year Non-survivors (n = 164) P value
Age in years 55.5 ± 7.5 62.2 ± 11.0 < 0.001
Age ≥ 65 years (%) 12 (17.1) 69 (42.1) < 0.001
Sex (Males) 57 (81.4) 118 (72.0) 0.17
BMI ≥ 30 (%) 12 (17.1) 31 (18.9) 0.77
Diabetes (%) 9 (12.9) 57 (34.8) 0.001
Hypertension (%) 31 (44.3) 90 (54.9) 0.001
Hyperlipidemia (%) 11 (15.7) 38 (23.2) 0.24
Smoking (%) 35 (50.0) 90 (54.9) 0.56
Alcohol use (%) 27 (38.6) 54 (32.9) 0.50
Hepatitis B (%) 30 (42.9) 60 (36.6) 0.12
Hepatitis C (%) 28 (40.0) 58 (35.4) 0.62
AJCC stages 0.09
Stage I 56 (80.0) 109 (66.4)
Stage II 11 (15.7) 19 (11.6)
Stage IIIa 1 (1.4) 10 (6.3)
Stage IIIb 0 (0) 7 (4.3)
Stage IIIc 0 (0) 1 (0.6)
Stage III NOS 0 (0) 1 (0.6)
Stage IV 2 (2.9) 16 (9.8)
Single tumor 58 (82.9) 131 (79.9) 0.73
Cirrhosis 51 (72.9) 87 (53.0) 0.01
HCC found with surveillance (%) 12 (17.1) 27 (16.5) 1.00
AST (IU/L) 64.3 ± 45.5 73.6 ± 58.9 0.03
ALT (IU/L) 60.5 ± 38.5 64.0 ± 52.4 0.03
3
Platelets ( × 10 /cc) 149.6 ± 77.3 190.5 ± 101.2 0.03
FIB-4 4.32 ± 3.16 4.11 ± 3.66 0.07
APRI 0.62 ± 0.63 0.57 ± 0.75 0.94
Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.88 ± 0.21 1.01 ± 0.59 0.03
Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio 2.33 ± 1.88 4.20 ± 3.50 0.002
MELD 9.10 ± 3.3 9.28 ± 3.2 0.62
AFP (mg/dL) 2479 ± 14,355 13787 ± 81,011 0.049

Numerical values expressed as ± standard deviation. BMI: body mass index; AJCC: The American Joint Committee on Cancer staging
system; NOS: not otherwise specified; HCC: hepatocellular cancer; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; FIB-
4: fibrosis-4 Index; APRI: AST/Platelet Ratio Index; MELD: Model for End-stage Liver Disease Score; AFP: alpha feto protein

Table 3. Tumor characteristics and treatment of 10-year survivors vs. non-survivors
10-year survivors (n = 70) 10-year Non-survivors (n = 164) P value
Mean tumor size (cm ± SD) 4.0 ± 2.4 6.7 ± 4.7 < 0.001
Tumor size ≥ 5 cm (%) 23 (35.4) 84 (51.2) 0.01
Single tumor (%) 58 (82.9) 131 (79.9) 0.73
Rupture (%) 2 (2.9) 16 (9.8) 0.12
Vascular invasion (%) 0 (0) 8 (4.9) 0.14
Met Milan Criteria (%) 40 (57.1) 68 (41.5) 0.04
Treatment < 0.001*
Transplantation (%) 36 (51.4) 28 (17.1)
Resection (%) 27 (38.6) 136 (82.9)
Locoregional therapy (%) 7 (10.0) 0 (0)
Recurrence (%) 24 (34.3) 80 (48.8) 0.04

*There was also significant difference between transplantation and resection (P < 0.001). SD: standard deviation

Recurrence
Of the 10-year survivors, recurrence occurred in 24 patients (34.3%) with mean time to recurrence with
SD, 57.1 ± 42.6 months days and 23 of these patients had treatment for their recurrence. In 164 non
10-year survivors, 136 had liver resection and 28 had liver transplant. Recurrence occurred in 80 patients