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have been suggested to induce beneficial effects on human is not affected by digestive enzymes due to it is expected
[55]
[76]
health and disease control. The beneficial effects of many to behave like a soluble fiber. Moreover it has prebiotic
medicinal plants may be due to the presence of antioxidative, effect by decreasing the activity of growth pathogens and
antibacterial and antimicrobial components. Antioxidants harmful microorganisms as well as increase the activity of
such as flavonoids, phenolic acids and diterpenes can be growth colonic of beneficial bacteria to the host. [77,78]
used to treat the undesirable and harmful action of the free
radicals related to various diseases. [30] Milk thistle
Milk (Silybum marianum) is one of the most famous herbal
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF HCC BY agents that act as hepato-reno protective agent from 16th
NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS century due to it contains approximately 4-6% silymarin and
20-35% fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid. [79,80] Silymarin
Natural agents are alternative therapeutic agents to control composed of both polyphenolic molecules, including
different diseases including cancer progression through flavonolignans (silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A, isosilybin B,
their antioxidant activity. They stimulate the normal silychristin, isosilychristin, and silydianin) and one flavonoid
metabolic function in cancer cells and regulate the tumor (taxifolin), silibinin, a semipurified. These components
suppressor genes and immunity. These natural products have the beneficial effects, including liver protection and
control the over expression of metabolic enzymes and antioxidant, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory properties.
[81]
tumor growth factors in cancer cell. Also they have the Silybum is effective in the treatment of liver diseases
[56]
ability to control DNA damaging factors in cancer cells (cirrhosis, jaundice and hepatitis). Various studies
[82]
and regulate DNA transcription in tumors. Moreover, they including in vitro and animal research suggest that silybum
possess numerous therapeutic benefits such as anti-obesity may have hepatoprotective and antihepatotoxic properties
effects; anti-diabetic effects; immune enhancement; and that protect liver cells against toxins through its ability in
anti-inflammatory effects. Previous studies recorded the reduction of ROS and LPO production, as well as the
[57]
that natural extracts, herbs and spices have been used for rebalancing of cellular REDOX status. [81,83] Moreover its
controlling diseases, including cancer through different role in inhibition of pro-inflammatory signals, cellular
mechanisms such as prevention of tumor initiation; delay proliferation and expression of survival proteins, resulting
or arrest of the development of tumors; extension of a significant protecting the liver. [81]
cancer latency periods; reduction in cancer metastasis
and mortality and prevention of recurrence of secondary Glycyrrhizin
tumors. [58,59] Vegetables and fruits rich with polyphenol Glycyrrhizin is the active constituent obtained from aqueous
plays a crucial role in the protection of liver against extraction of root liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra). It has been
hepatitis due to its potential activity in the reduction used in traditional medicine to reduce bronchitis, jaundice
of early pro-inflammatory cytokines, activation of anti- as well as gastritis. Its major constituents are glycyrrhetic
[84]
inflammatory IL-10, and inhibition of lipo-polysaccharide acid; flavonoids; hydroxycoumarins; and beta-sitosterol.
induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in Licorice and their products have been reported to be useful
hepatocytes. [60-62] Furthermore, flavonoids are a group of in the treatment of human hepatitis; animal inducible
polyphenolic compounds, different in chemical structure hepatocarcinogenesis; and attenuating titanium dioxide
and characteristics, naturally founded in plants. They nanoparticles-induced hepatotoxicity. Glycyrrhizin has
[85]
showed versatile health benefits such as anti-inflammatory; pharmacologic roles such as anti-inflammatory; antiviral;
antioxidant; anti-proliferative and anticancer activity; free antioxidant; immunomodulatory; hepatoprotective and
radical scavenging activity; and antihypertensive effects. [63,64] cardioprotective activities through the inhibition of beta-
hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme. Also it blinded
[86]
Chicory to high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) directly to suppress
Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) has been reported in medicine HMGB1-induced injury, inhibit toll-like receptor-4 pathway,
[65]
from North Africa to South Asia for several 100 years. It lower uclear factor-κB (NF-κB) concentration and inhibit the
contains many useful compound such as anthocyanins, production of inflammatory cytokines. [87,88]
vitamins A and C , potassium, calcium, and phosphorus and
rich chioric acid. It act as anti-inflamatory, anti-bacterial Ginseng
[66]
agent as well as it has immune-modulatory effects. Many Ginseng (Panax ginseng), a valued Chinese and Korean
[67]
types of edible plants and vegetables contain high level of traditional medicinal herb, has been clinically used in China,
chicoric acid. Chicoric acid have essential properties as Europe, United States and North America for thousands
[68]
antioxidant, antivirus and immunoregulation. Chicory of years. [89-91] Ginseng is one of the well-known medicines
[69]
has a many properties as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, in alleviating the development of HCC in chronic hepatitis
hypoglycemic, diuretic, and anti-testicular toxicity. [70-73] patients. [92,93] Ginseng extract has an antioxidant activity
Also, chicory is a good source for inulin. [74,75] Inulin is a due to its ability to scavenge free radicals and suppression
hepatoprotective compound that prevent of the tissue from of lipid peroxidation. It has been shown to improve
[94]
demolition by inhibited oxidative degradation of DNA in liver general conditions and non-specific complaints due to the
[74]
mice. In addition, inulin has hypolipidemic effect where it exhaustive and feverish illness through enhancement of
218 Hepatoma Research | Volume 2 | August 5, 2016