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Kościuszko et al. Hepatoma Res 2021;7:51 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2021.17 Page 7 of 16

Table 3. A summary of the types of preoperative imaging studies used, as well as the software and types of technology implemented
in the study
Ref. Preoperativestudy used Software used What was performed
[46]
Plumley et al. CT No data 3D reconstruction
[47]
Fuchs et al. CT MeVis service 3D reconstruction
[48]
Dong et al. CT 4D Recon Card Wizard (Siemens) 3D reconstruction
Fuchs et al. [49] CT MeVis service 3D reconstruction
[50]
Souzaki et al. CT/MRI Virtual Place 300, AZE Co (Now AZE Virtual Place, Cannon) Augmented reality
Souzaki et al. [51] CT ZedView, 3D Doctor, FreeForm, CATIA 3D printing
[52]
Su et al. CT Higemi 3D reconstruction
Soejima et al. [53] CT Free Form, K’s Design Lab 3D printing
[54]
Su et al. CT Hisense CAS system 3D reconstruction
Warmann et al. [55] CT/MRI MeVis service 3D reconstruction
[57]
Zhang et al. CT Hisense CAS system 3D reconstruction
Janek et al. [58] CT MeVis service 3D reconstruction
[59]
Zhao et al. CT Hisense CAS system 3D reconstruction
[60]
Wang et al. CT/MRI IQQALiver; EDDA Technology 3D printing
Esaki et al. [61] CT U-Net and three-dimensional (3D) workstations (3DWS) Deep learning
[63]
Ishii et al. CT Synapse Vincent (Fujifilm) 3D printing

Table 4. Outcome measures
Ref. Measured outcomes
Plumley et al. [46] Recurrences, kidney function, changing the operation plan
[47]
Fuchs et al. The margin of resection, intraoperative complications, portal venous thrombosis
Dong et al. [48] Operation time, blood loss, mortality, surgeons subjective opinion
[49]
Fuchs et al. The margin of resection, intraoperative complications, portal venous thrombosis
Souzaki et al. [50] Operation time, reoperations, mortality, intra- and postoperative complications
[51]
Souzaki et al. Recurrence, the margin of resection
Su et al. [52] Operation time, blood loss, blood transfusion, mortality
[53]
Soejima et al. Operation time, blood loss, blood transfusion, mortality, postoperative complications
[54]
Su et al. Operation time, blood loss, blood transfusion, mortality, postoperative complications, recurrence, RSLVR
[55]
Warmann et al. Mortality, the margin of resection, changing operation plan
[57]
Zhang et al. Operation time, blood loss, intra- and postoperative complications, postoperative stay, the margin of resection, recurrence
Janek et al. [58] Blood loss, blood transfusion, recurrence, bilirubin levels, the volume of post-resection liver residue
[59]
Zhao et al. Operation time, blood loss, blood transfusion
Wang et al. [60] Operation time, blood loss, mortality, intra- and postoperative complications, inpatient stay, cost
[61]
Esaki et al. Liver and spleen volume measurement
Ishii et al. [63] Operation time, blood loss, intraoperative complications

[49]
In 2010, Fuchs et al. proposed an approach to the planning of surgical treatment of liver vascular
malformations in children. This approach incorporated MeVis LiverAnalyzer and MeVis LiverExplorer
(Mevis, Bremen, Germany). Twelve children were diagnosed with hepatic vascular malformations. The
patients were assessed for Rex shunt procedure and other interventions. Liver segmentations were
performed using the livewire segmentation technique. This semiautomatic technique needs user input to set
anchors around the region of interest. The smallest “cost path” is then drawn from the anchor to the pixel
where the pointer is. The path is changed whenever the user moves the pointer.