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tumors. Therefore, ongoing research using a multifaceted approach to enhance the activity of the immune
environment remain underway to enhance current immunotherapy strategies.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Drafted the outline of this review: Feng ZY, Xia HP
Drafted the manuscript: Feng ZY, Xu FG, Liu Y, Xu HJ, Wu FB, Chen XB, Xia HP
Finalized the manuscript: Chen XB, Xia HP

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82072739),
The Recruitment Program of Overseas High-Level Young Talents, “Innovative and Entrepreneurial Team”
[No.(2018) 2015], Science and Technology Development Fund of Nanjing Medical University and Chinese
Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention and Control-TianQing Liver Disease Research Fund (TQGB20190164,
TQGB20200139).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2021.

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