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Molinari et al. Hepatoma Res 2018;4:56 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2018.71 Page 7 of 15

Table 2. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population stratified by recipient ethnicity: African Americans
(8.8%) vs. other ethnicities (91.2%)
Characteristics Other Ethnicities (no. 5,517) African American (no. 531) P value
Age, years, mean, (SD) 58.0 (6.9) 57.1 (6.9) 0.005
Sex, n (%)
Female 1,085 (19.7) 139 (26.2) ≤ 0.001
Body mass index, mean, (SD) 28.5 (5.0) 28.3 (5.2) 0.593
Recipient BMI, Category, n (%)
Underweight 3 (0.1) 0 (0.0)
Normal weight 1,398 (25.3) 137 (25.8)
Overweight 2,253 (40.8) 227 (42.7)
Obesity class I 1,230 (22.3) 112 (21.1) 0.273
Obesity class II 508 (9.2) 37 (7.0)
Obesity class III 125 (2.3) 18 (3.4)
Donor BMI, mean, (SD) 27.6 (5.4) 27.3 (5.6) 0.260
Presence of renal insufficiency requiring dialysis, n (%) 38 (0.7) 12 (2.3) ≤ 0.001
Presence of diabetes, n (%)
No 3,867 (70.1) 387 (72.9)
Type 1 or type 2 1,600 (29.0) 142 (26.7) 0.226
Unknown 50 (0.9) 2 (0.4)
MELD score, mean, (SD) 12.1 (4.4) 12.1 (5.0) 0.794
Hospital Stay (day), mean, (SD) 10.5 (13.1) 11.5 (12.1) 0.110
Months spent on the waiting list, n (%)
0-3 2,141 (38.8) 229 (43.1)
3.1-6 1,125 (20.4) 120 (22.6)
6.1-12 1,142 (20.7) 100 (18.8) 0.022
Longer than 12 months 1,109 (20.1) 82 (15.4)
Functional status at the time of transplantation, n (%)
Less than 60% 881 (16) 77 (14.5)
60% or more 4,372 (79.2) 423 (79.7) 0.413
Unknown 264 (4.8) 31 (5.8)
Education, n (%)
Elementary of middle school (grade 1-8) 310 (5.6) 16 (3.0)
High school (grade 9-12) 2,110 (38.3) 223 (42.0)
College or technical school 1,251 (22.7) 125 (23.5)
0.010
Associate or bachelor degree 750 (13.6) 55 (10.4)
Post college or graduate degree 314 (5.7) 24 (4.5)
Unknown 781 (14.2) 88 (16.6)
UNOS region, n (%)
Region 1 256 (93.4) 18 (6.6)
Region 2 485 (80.2) 120 (19.8)
Region 3 804 (90.5) 84 (9.5)
Region 4 685 (93.3) 49 (6.7)
Region 5 927 (95.8) 41 (4.2)
Region 6 295 (98.0) 6 (2.0) ≤ 0.001
Region 7 514 (93.6) 35 (9.5)
Region 8 439 (90.9) 44 (9.1)
Region 9 382 (90.5) 40 (9.5)
Region 10 454 (88.7) 58 (11.3)
Region 11 276 (88.5) 36 (11.5)
Donors’ age, years, mean, (SD) 44.2 (15.9) 42.6 (16.0) 0.030
Cold ischemia time, hours, mean, (SD) 6.7 (2.5) 6.6 (2.5) 0.393
BMI: body mass index

At univariate Cox regression analysis, ethnicity, age, history of diabetes and functional status at the time of
transplantation were independent predictors of survival after LT. At multivariate analysis, African American
ethnicity remained the strongest independent predictor for increased mortality in comparison to Caucasian