Page 167 - Read Online
P. 167

Bhatia et al. Hepatoma Res 2018;4:9  I  http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2018.04                                                Page 9 of 16

                            A  45                           B  3.0
                               40          a           a,b,c   2.5         a
                              Serum TNF-a levels (pg/mL)  30  b  Serum IL-6 levels (pg/mL)  2.0  b  b
                               35
                               25
                                                               1.5
                               20
                               15
                                                               1.0
                               10
                                5                              0.5
                                0                              0.0
                                  Control          NDEA           LycT      LycT + NDEA  Control           NDEA           LycT     LycT + NDEA
                                                              Group                             Group

                                          C  70            a
                                             60                          a,b,c
                                            Serum IL-1b levels (pg/mL)  40  b
                                             50


                                             30
                                             20
                                             10
                                             0
                                                 Control              NDEA               LycT         LycT + NDEA
                                                                                   Group

               Figure 3. Effect of LycT and/or NDEA on serum inflammatory markers in different treatment groups. Values are expressed as mean ± SD
                                                                                                       b
                                                                    a
               (n = 5) and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc test.  P ≤ 0.001, significant as compared to control group;  P ≤
                                               c
               0.001, significant as compared to NDEA group;  P ≤ 0.001, significant as compared to LycT group. NDEA: N-nitrosodiethylamine; LycT:
               lycopene enriched tomato extract; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; IL: interleukin
               Table 2. Effect of LycT and/or NDEA on plasma antioxidant defense system in different treated groups
                                                       Control       NDEA          LycT       LycT + NDEA
               LPO (nmol of MDA-TBA chromophore formed/mg protein)  0.02 ± 0.002  0.08 ± 0.003 a  0.03 ± 0.002 b  0.05 ± 0.005 a,b,c
               GSH (nmol of GSH/mg protein)           7.60 ± 0.23  4.11 ± 0.45   a  7.29 ± 0.20   b  6.25 ± 0.59 a,b,c
               GR (nmol of NADPH oxidized/min/mg protein)  1.06 ± 0.08  0.66 ± 0.06 a  1.01 ± 0.04   b  0.88 ± 0.04 a,b,c1
               GSH-Px (nmol of NADPH oxidized/min/mg protein)  0.67 ± 0.08  1.06 ± 0.09   a  0.68 ± 0.06   b  0.81 ± 0.05 a1,b,c1
               GST (μmol GSH-CDNB conjugates/min/mg protein)  0.40 ± 0.04  0.55 ± 0.02 a  0.38 ± 0.04   b   0.46 ± 0.03 a1,b,c
               SOD (IU/mg protein)                    0.10 ± 0.008  0.18 ± 0.010 a  0.11 ± 0.007 b  0.14 ± 0.014 a,b,c
               CAT (µmol/min/mg protein)              0.61 ± 0.01  1.10 ± 0.10 a  0.58 ± 0.03 b  0.84 ± 0.02 a,b,c
               Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5) and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc test.  P ≤ 0.001 and  P ≤
                                                                                             a
                                                                                                       a1
                                              b
                                                                                          c1
                                                                                c
               0.01, significant as compared to control group;  P ≤ 0.001, significant as compared to NDEA group;  P ≤ 0.001 and  P ≤ 0.01, significant as
               compared to LycT group. NDEA: N-nitrosodiethylamine; LycT: lycopene enriched tomato extract; LPO: lipid peroxidation; GSH: glutathione;
               GR: glutathione reductase; GSH-Px: GSH-peroxidase; GST: glutathione-S-transferase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; MDA-TBA:
               malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid; NADPH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; CDNB: 1-chloro-2, 4 dinitrobenzene
               supplementation to NDEA animals when compared to control and LycT (P ≤ 0.001) animals. However,
               the levels of LPO came down to the baseline levels in LycT + NDEA group in comparison to NDEA
               (P ≤ 0.001) group. No statistical difference in the plasma LPO levels was found in LycT per se group
               and control group.

               Reduced GSH
               The levels of plasma GSH were found to be declined in NDEA and LycT + NDEA mice as compared to
               control and LycT (P ≤ 0.001) mice [Table 2]. However, LycT pre-treatment to tumor bearing mice caused a
               significant enhancement in their levels when compared to NDEA (P ≤ 0.001) mice. No significant alterations
               were observed in plasma GSH levels of LycT per se group and control group.
   162   163   164   165   166   167   168   169   170   171   172