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Yu et al. Hepatoma Res. 2025;11:29 Hepatoma Research
DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2025.47
Original Article Open Access
A baseline-lymphocyte-subset nomogram for
predicting severe immune-related adverse events in
hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving TACE
plus immunotherapy
Zeyu Yu, Ran You, Chendong Wang, Bin Leng, Lingfeng Diao, Qingyu Xu, Guowen Yin
Interventional Radiology Department, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated
Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
Correspondence to: Dr. Guowen Yin, Interventional Radiology Department, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of
Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China. E-mail:
jsszlyy@njmu.edu.cn
How to cite this article: Yu Z, You R, Wang C, Leng B, Diao L, Xu Q, Yin G. A baseline-lymphocyte-subset nomogram for
predicting severe immune-related adverse events in hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving TACE plus immunotherapy.
Hepatoma Res. 2025;11:29. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2025.47
Received: 22 Aug 2025 First Decision: 28 Nov 2025 Revised: 9 Dec 2025 Accepted: 22 Dec 2025 Published: 31 Dec 2025
Academic Editor: Limin Xia Copy Editor: Xing-Yue Zhang Production Editor: Xing-Yue Zhang
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to construct and validate a nomogram model to predict the occurrence of severe immune-
related adverse events (sirAEs) (≥ 3 grade) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving transcatheter
arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus immunotherapy.
Methods: Data regarding lymphocyte subpopulations and clinical characteristics of 130 HCC patients treated from
January 2020 to June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, including 46 patients with sirAEs and 84 patients
without sirAEs. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to summarize the factors that might affect the
occurrence of sirAEs in patients, and then these factors were included in the multivariate logistic regression
analysis. These influencing factors were then included in the construction of the nomogram prediction model.
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves were used to verify the nomogram prediction
model.
Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that liver cirrhosis, lower value of Neutrophil-to-
Lymphocyte Ratio and Regulatory T cell, and higher value of lymphocytes and creatinine were significantly
associated with sirAEs (P < 0.05). Based on these factors, a nomogram prediction model for predicting sirAEs after
© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/),which permits unrestricted use,sharing,
adaptation,distribution and reproduction in any medium or format,for any purpose,even commercially,as long
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