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Author Instructions

Conference proceedings Harnden P, Joffe JK, Jones WG, editors. Germ cell tumours V. Proceedings of the 5th Germ Cell
Tumour Conference; 2001 Sep 13-15; Leeds, UK. New York: Springer; 2002.
Conference paper Christensen S, Oppacher F. An analysis of Koza's computational effort statistic for genetic
programming. In: Foster JA, Lutton E, Miller J, Ryan C, Tettamanzi AG, editors. Genetic
programming. EuroGP 2002: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Genetic Programming;
2002 Apr 3-5; Kinsdale, Ireland. Berlin: Springer; 2002. pp. 182-91.
Unpublished material Tian D, Araki H, Stahl E, Bergelson J, Kreitman M. Signature of balancing selection in Arabidopsis.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Forthcoming 2002.
For other types of references, please refer to U.S. National Library of Medicine.
The journal also recommends that authors prepare references with a bibliography software package, such as EndNote to
avoid typing mistakes and duplicated references.
2.3.3.10 Supplementary Materials
Additional data and information can be uploaded as Supplementary Material to accompany the manuscripts. The
supplementary materials will also be available to the referees as part of the peer-review process. Any file format is
acceptable, such as data sheet (word, excel, csv, cdx, fasta, pdf or zip files), presentation (powerpoint, pdf or zip files), image
(cdx, eps, jpeg, pdf, png or tiff), table (word, excel, csv or pdf), audio (mp3, wav or wma) or video (avi, divx, flv, mov, mp4,
mpeg, mpg or wmv). All information should be clearly presented. Supplementary materials should be cited in the main text
in numeric order (e.g., Supplementary Figure 1, Supplementary Figure 2, Supplementary Table 1, Supplementary Table 2, etc.).
The style of supplementary figures or tables complies with the same requirements on figures or tables in main text. Videos
and audios should be prepared in English, and limited to a size of 500 MB or a duration of 3 minutes.
2.4 Manuscript Format
2.4.1 File Format
Manuscript files can be in DOC and DOCX formats and should not be locked or protected.
2.4.2 Length
There are no restrictions on paper length, number of figures, or amount of supporting documents. Authors are encouraged
to present and discuss their findings concisely.

2.4.3 Language
Manuscripts must be written in English.
2.4.4 Multimedia Files
The journal supports manuscripts with multimedia files. The requirements are listed as follows:
Videos or audio files are only acceptable in English. The presentation and introduction should be easy to understand. The
frames should be clear, and the speech speed should be moderate.
A brief overview of the video or audio files should be given in the manuscript text.
The video or audio files should be limited to a duration of 3 min and a size of up to 500 MB.
Please use professional software to produce high-quality video files, to facilitate acceptance and publication along with the
submitted article. Upload the videos in mp4, wmv, or rm format (preferably mp4) and audio files in mp3 or wav format.
2.4.5 Figures
Figures should be cited in numeric order (e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2) and placed after the paragraph where it is first cited;
Figures can be submitted in format of tiff, psd or jpeg, with resolution of 300-600 dpi;
Figure caption is placed under the Figure;
Diagrams with describing words (including, flow chart, coordinate diagram, bar chart, line chart, and scatter diagram, etc.)
should be editable in word, excel or powerpoint format. Non-English information should be avoided;
Labels, numbers, letters, arrows, and symbols in figure should be clear, of uniform size, and contrast with the background;
Symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters used to identify parts of the illustrations must be identified and explained in the
legend;
Internal scale (magnification) should be explained and the staining method in photomicrographs should be identified;
All non-standard abbreviations should be explained in the legend;
Permission for use of copyrighted materials from other sources, including re-published, adapted, modified, or partial
figures and images from the internet, must be obtained. It is authors’ responsibility to acquire the licenses, to follow any
citation instruction requested by third-party rights holders, and cover any supplementary charges.

2.4.6 Tables
Tables should be cited in numeric order and placed after the paragraph where it is first cited;
The table caption should be placed above the table and labeled sequentially (e.g., Table 1, Table 2);