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Author Instructions

Manuscript Definition Abstract Keywords Main Text Structure Length
Type Limitations
Original An Original Article describes detailed Structured abstract 3-8 The main content should /
Article results from novel research. All findings including Aim, keywords include four sections:
are extensively discussed. Methods, Results and Introduction, Methods,
Conclusion. No more Results and Discussion.
than 250 words.
Survey/ A Survey/ review of state of the art paper Unstructured abstract. 3-8 The main text may /
review of summarizes the literature on previous No more than 250 keywords consist of several
state of the studies. It usually does not present any words. sections with unfixed
art new information on a subject. section titles. We
suggest that the
author include an
"Introduction" section at
the beginning, several
sections with unfixed
titles in the middle part,
and a "Conclusion"
section in the end.
Systematic A Systematic Review collects and Structured abstract 3-8 The main content should /
Review critically analyzes multiple research including Aim, keywords include four sections:
studies, using methods selected before one Methods, Results and Introduction, Methods,
or more research questions are formulated, Conclusion. No more Results and Discussion.
and then finding and analyzing related than 250 words..
studies and answering those questions in a
structured methodology.
Commentary A Commentary is to provide comments on Unstructured abstract. 3-8 / no more
a newly published article or an alternative No more than 250 keywords than two
viewpoint on a certain topic. words. pages.
Editorial An Editorial is a short article describing None required None / /
news about the journal or opinions of required
senior editors or the publisher.
Letter to A Letter to Editor is usually an open post- Unstructured abstract 3-8 / /
Editor publication review of a paper from its (optional). No more keywords
readers, often critical of some aspect of than 250 words. (optional)
a published paper. Controversial papers
often attract numerous Letters to Editor.
Opinion An Opinion usually presents personal Unstructured abstract 3-8 / no more
thoughts, beliefs, or feelings on a topic. (optional). No more keywords than two
than 250 words. pages.
2.3 Manuscript Structure
2.3.1 Front Matter
2.3.1.1 Title
The title of the manuscript should be concise, specific and relevant, with no more than 16 words if possible. When gene or
protein names are included, the abbreviated name rather than full name should be used.

2.3.1.2 Authors and Affiliations
Authors’ full names should be listed. The initials of middle names can be provided. Institutional addresses and email
addresses for all authors should be listed. At least one author should be designated as corresponding author. In addition,
corresponding authors are suggested to provide their Open Researcher and Contributor ID upon submission. Please note
that any change to authorship is not allowed after manuscript acceptance.

2.3.1.3 Abstract
The abstract should be a single paragraph with word limitation and specific structure requirements (for more details please
refer to Types of Manuscripts). It usually describes the main objective(s) of the study, explains how the study was done,
including any model organisms used, without methodological detail, and summarizes the most important results and their
significance. The abstract must be an objective representation of the study: it is not allowed to contain results which are not
presented and substantiated in the manuscript, or exaggerate the main conclusions. Citations should not be included in the
abstract.