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Rutter et al. Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucleic Acids 2023;4:90-106 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/evcna.2023.04 Page 102

composition of fungal phytopathogen EVs, it will be necessary to use these data to address questions of EV
biogenesis, secretion and diversity and to test predicted functions in planta. A thorough understanding of
the biogenesis and function of EVs in phytopathogenic fungi may lead to the development of new
fungicides or crop-based technologies to block the production of fungal EVs or impair their functions in
hosts.

DECLARATIONS
Author’s contributions
Made substantial contributions to the authoring and editing of the review: Rutter BD, Innes RW

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported by grants from the United States National Science Foundation Plant Biotic
Interactions and Plant Genome Research programs (grant nos IOS-1645745, IOS-1842685, and IOS-
2141969) and United States Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research
(grant no DE-SC0020348).

Conflicts of interest
Both authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023.

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