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Tutanov et al. Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucleic Acids 2023;4:195-217 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/evcna.2023.17 Page 211

exomeres, and supermeres might inform us about EVP biogenesis, trafficking and release. In this context,
like in the past GPI-APs might offer especially valuable fundamental insight, as was the case with
understanding the membrane organization and the discovery of lipid rafts. However, given the broad
adoption of GPI-APs into EVPs as cargo, and certain GPI-APs promising potential as biomarkers and
therapeutic targets for CRC, this direction of investigations has the capacity to translate into significant
clinical applications, including the development of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.

DECLARATIONS
Acknowledgments
The authors apologize in advance for the work we have not cited in this review. The authors thank Jeffrey L.
Franklin for helpful discussions. Figures were created with Biorender.com

Authors’ contributions
Authors contributed equally.

Financial support and sponsorship
This work is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program
1937963, National Cancer Institute (NCI) Training Grant CA 009582, NCI R35 CA197570, UH3 CA241685,
P01 CA229123, and P50 CA236733. The authors acknowledge the generous support of the Nicholas Tierney
Memorial GI Cancer Fund.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023.

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