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Yamamoto. Chem Synth 2022;2:14 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cs.2022.12 Page 3 of 6
[5]
Figure 1. Necessary improvements for modern peptide synthesis (reproduced from Ref. 5 ).
Figure 2. Substrate-controlled reactions using Ta catalysts.
Figure 3. Convergent synthesis of peptides.
Flow synthesis
Using protecting Fmoc groups in our flow synthesis, a high purity tetrapeptide was obtained with a 90%
yield in three steps [Figure 7]. Flow synthesis fulfilled the role of providing a component in the above-
mentioned convergent synthesis. The pentafluorophenyl ester plays the following important roles in our

