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Yamamoto. Chem Synth 2022;2:14  https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cs.2022.12           Page 3 of 6




















                                                                                         [5]
                              Figure 1. Necessary improvements for modern peptide synthesis (reproduced from Ref. 5 ).

























                                         Figure 2. Substrate-controlled reactions using Ta catalysts.





















                                              Figure 3. Convergent synthesis of peptides.

               Flow synthesis
               Using protecting Fmoc groups in our flow synthesis, a high purity tetrapeptide was obtained with a 90%
               yield in three steps [Figure 7]. Flow synthesis fulfilled the role of providing a component in the above-
               mentioned convergent synthesis. The pentafluorophenyl ester plays the following important roles in our
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