Page 70 - Read Online
P. 70

Page 362                                               Raczka et al. Cancer Drug Resist 2019;2:356-64 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cdr.2018.004

               achieving long-term stable disease. This suggests that it may be most effective in combination with other
               agents. In April 2018, the FDA granted Fast Track designation for CB-839 plus Cabo based on encouraging
               activity from a Phase 1 trial in heavily pre-treated mRCC patients. Combination therapy of CB-839 with
               everolimus requires more data to assess its efficacy. Since there is such a significant burden of resistance to
               currently available treatments, resistance may also be an issue for new treatments. Indeed, metabolomic
               studies of an allosteric and reversible inhibitor of GLS, C.968, found that lipid catabolism is activated to
                                                                         [59]
               compensate for inhibition of glutaminolysis in several cancer cells . This suggests that further genetic
               and metabolomic studies will be crucial for the successful implementation of CB-839 into routine clinical
               practice.


               DECLARATIONS
               Authors’ contributions
               Wrote, read and approved the final manuscript: Both authors

               Availability of data and materials
               Not applicable.

               Financial support and sponsorship
               This work was supported by the Melville Trust for Care and Cure of Cancer.


               Conflicts of interest
               Both authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

               Ethical approval and consent to participate
               Not applicable.


               Consent for publication
               Not applicable.


               Copyright
               © The Authors 2019.


               REFERENCES
               1.   Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, et al. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J
                   Cancer 2010;127:2893-917.
               2.   Gupta K, Miller JD, Li JZ, Russell MW, Charbonneau C. Epidemiologic and socioeconomic burden of metastatic renal cell carcinoma
                   (mRCC): a literature review. Cancer Treat Rev 2008;34:193-205.
               3.   Ljungberg B, Campbell SC, Cho HY, Jacqmin D, Lee JE, et al. The epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2011;60:615-21.
               4.   Krabbe L-M, Bagrodia A, Margulis V, Wood CG. Surgical management of renal cell carcinoma. Semin Intervent Radiol 2014;31:27-32.
               5.   Kalra S, Atkinson BJ, Matrana MR, Matin SF, Wood CG, et al. Prognosis of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and pancreatic
                   metastases. BJU Int 2016;117:761-5.
               6.   Gerlinger M, Rowan AJ, Horswell S, Math M, Larkin J, et al. Intratumor heterogeneity and branched evolution revealed by multiregion
                   sequencing. N Engl J Med 2012;366:883-92.
               7.   Lim SH, Hwang IG, Ji JH, Oh SY, Yi JH, et al. Intrinsic resistance to sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Asia Pac
                   J Clin Oncol 2017;13:61-7.
               8.   Rini BI, Atkins MB. Resistance to targeted therapy in renal-cell carcinoma. Lancet Oncol 2009;10:992-1000.
               9.   Busch J, Seidel C, Weikert S, Wolff I, Kempkensteffen C, et al. Intrinsic resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors is associated with poor
                   clinical outcome in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2011;11:295.
               10.  Motzer RJ, Rini BI, Bukowski RM, Curti BD, Gerorge DJ, et al. Sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. JAMA
                   2006;295:2516-24.
               11.  Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Tomczak P, Michaelson MD, Bukowski RM, et al. Sunitinib versus Interferon alfa in metastatic renal-cell
                   carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2007;356:115-24.
   65   66   67   68   69   70   71   72   73   74   75